Brachiosaurus

Description

Brachiosaurus est un genre fossile de dinosaures appartenant au groupe des sauropodes et à la famille des brachiosauridés.
Les fossiles « historiques » les mieux conservés de l'espèce type et seule espèce aujourd'hui clairement rattachée au genre, Brachiosaurus altithorax, ont été découverts dans le Colorado.

Information(s)

Source: The Paleobiology Database

Attibution: Riggs 1903¹⁷²⁶³
Statut: Valide
Nom commun: Reptile à bras
Longueur (en m): ?
Largeur (en m): ?
Hauteur (en m): ?
Poids (en m): de ? à ?
Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
Mode de vie: terrestrial
Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
Vision: ?
Alimentation: herbivore
Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
Classification: Brachiosauridae >> Titanosauriformes >> Macronaria >> Neosauropoda >> Eusauropoda >> Gravisauria >> Sauropoda >> Sauropodiformes >> Massopoda >> Sauropodomorpha >> Saurischia >> Dinosauria
Période: ?

Espèce(s):
- Brachiosaurus altithorax (Valide)¹⁷²⁶³
- Brachiosaurus nougaredi ()⁷⁰⁵⁶
- Brachiosaurus fraasi (Synonyme subjectif de Giraffatitan brancai)³⁶⁷⁷⁰
- Brachiosaurus (Giraffatitan) brancai (Valide)³⁶⁷⁷⁰

Specimen(s):

Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: holotype HMN SII - femur, tibia, humerus, radius, ulna, pubis, scapula, ilium, pubis
Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: HMN XV2 - scapula, humerus, femur, fibula
Brachiosaurus fraasi subjective synonym of Giraffatitan brancai: HMN Y - scapula, humerus
Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: HMN XV1 - femur
Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: HMN KI24 - scapula, femur, tibia, fibula
Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: HMN D - humerus
Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: HMN Sa9 - scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia, fibula
Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai: HMN Aa - ilium
Brachiosaurus altithorax: holotype FMNH P25107 - humerus, ilium, femur, coracoid, coracoid (left)
Brachiosaurus altithorax: BYU ESM-163R - femur, tibia, scapula, humerus, femur
Brachiosaurus atalaiensis recombined as Lusotitan atalaiensis: holotype - ?
Brachiosaurus altithorax: FMNH P25107 - humerus, ilium, femur, coracoid, coracoid (left)
Détail des Spécimens

Référence	Type	Partie	Dimension (en cm)	Lieu de découverte	Commentaires
HMN SII	holotype	femur	length: 2060, circumference: 730	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 2090 mm according to Paul 1988 circumference based on Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	tibia	length: 1200	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 1150 mm according to Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	humerus	length: 2130	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 2130 mm according to Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	radius	length: 1260	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 1240 mm according to Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	ulna	length: 1300	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 not measured by Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	pubis	length: 1060	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 1150 mm according to Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	scapula	length: 2120	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	specimen number not given, inferred from data of Paul 1988 1929 mm according to Paul 1988
HMN SII	holotype	ilium	length: 1360	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN SII	holotype	pubis	length: 1150	Collection: Tendaguru quarry S- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN XV2		scapula	length: 2175	Collection: Tendaguru quarry XV- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN XV2		humerus	length: 2400	Collection: Tendaguru quarry XV- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN XV2		femur	length: 2350	Collection: Tendaguru quarry XV- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN XV2		fibula	length: 1340	Collection: Tendaguru quarry XV- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Y		scapula	length: 1540	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Y- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Y		humerus	length: 1700	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Y- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN XV1		femur	length: 2140	Collection: Tendaguru quarry XV- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN KI24		scapula	length: 890	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Ki- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN KI24		femur	length: 1550	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Ki- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN KI24		tibia	length: 900	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Ki- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	tibia-astragalus
HMN KI24		fibula	length: 940	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Ki- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN D		humerus	length: 1600	Collection: Tendaguru quarry D- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Sa9		scapula	length: 1930	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Sa9		ilium	length: 1050	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Sa9		pubis	length: 890	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Sa9		ischium	length: 925	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Sa9		femur	length: 1610	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Sa9		tibia	length: 950	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,	tibia-astragalus
HMN Sa9		fibula	length: 960	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Sa- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
HMN Aa		ilium	length: 1190	Collection: Tendaguru quarry Aa, Mtapaia- Lieu: TZ, Lindi,
FMNH P25107	holotype	humerus	length: 2040, width: 240	Collection: Riggs Quarry 13, Fruita (FMNH)- Lieu: US, Colorado, Mesa
FMNH P25107	holotype	ilium	length: 1124	Collection: Riggs Quarry 13, Fruita (FMNH)- Lieu: US, Colorado, Mesa
FMNH P25107	holotype	femur	length: 2030	Collection: Riggs Quarry 13, Fruita (FMNH)- Lieu: US, Colorado, Mesa
BYU ESM-163R		scapula	length: 2190	Collection: Potter Creek Quarry- Lieu: US, Colorado, Montrose
BYU ESM-163R		humerus	length: 2420	Collection: Potter Creek Quarry- Lieu: US, Colorado, Montrose
BYU ESM-163R		femur	length: 2370	Collection: Potter Creek Quarry- Lieu: US, Colorado, Montrose
	holotype	humerus	length: 1950	Collection: Atalaia, near Peralta- Lieu: PT, Centro, Lisboa	specimen number not given, but presumably the type
	holotype	radius	length: 1130	Collection: Atalaia, near Peralta- Lieu: PT, Centro, Lisboa	specimen number not given, but presumably the type
	holotype	femur	length: 1900, circumference: 1100	Collection: Atalaia, near Peralta- Lieu: PT, Centro, Lisboa	estimated circumference; specimen number not given, but presumably the type
	holotype	tibia	length: 1120	Collection: Atalaia, near Peralta- Lieu: PT, Centro, Lisboa	tibia-astragalus; specimen number not given, but presumably the type
FMNH P25107		coracoid	length: 870	Collection: Riggs Quarry 13, Fruita (FMNH)- Lieu: US, Colorado, Mesa

Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Brachiosaurus nougaredi n. species not entered Sauropoda
- Brachiosaurus
- Brachiosaurus brancai recombined as Giraffatitan brancai
- Brachiosaurus brancai n. recombined as Giraffatitan brancai
- Giraffatitan brancai
- Brachiosaurus atalaiensis n. recombined as Lusotitan atalaiensis
- Brachiosaurus altithorax
Découverte(s): 64 occcurrences
Ouvrir - Fermer
- Allemagne
  - Nordrhein-Westfalen
    - ?
      - Formation Süntel
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁷⁶⁴⁵²
- Algérie
  - Illizi
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Sauropoda identifié comme Brachiosaurus nougaredi n. sp.: ? ⁷⁰⁵⁶
- Portugal
  - Centro
    - Lisboa
      - Formation Lourinhã
        Lusotitan atalaiensis identifié comme Brachiosaurus atalaiensis n. sp.: ¹³¹⁴³
- Tanzanie
  - Lindi
    - ?
      - Formation Tendaguru
        Brachiosaurus: ? ²⁴³⁷³
        Brachiosaurus: ? ³⁸⁷²²
        Giraffatitan brancai: HMN Y: scapula, humerus ³⁶⁷⁷⁰
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai n. sp.: HMN SII: femur, tibia, humerus, radius, ulna, pubis, scapula, ilium, pubis ³⁶⁷⁷⁰
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: HMN Aa: ilium ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: HMN XV2: scapula, humerus, femur, fibula HMN XV1: femur ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: HMN Sa9: scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia, fibula ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸⁵
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁶⁰³
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁶²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁶²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: HMN D: humerus ¹²⁵⁶²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁶²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme ? Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁶²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁷⁹
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: ? ¹²⁵⁸²
        Giraffatitan brancai identifié comme Brachiosaurus brancai: HMN KI24: scapula, femur, tibia, fibula ¹²⁶⁰³
- États-Unis
  - Colorado
    - Fremont
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹⁰⁶¹⁸
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁹⁰⁷⁵⁴
    - Mesa
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹⁵²⁶⁴
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹³²⁸¹
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹⁵¹⁷⁹
        Brachiosaurus altithorax: FMNH P25107: humerus, ilium, femur, coracoid, coracoid (left) ¹⁷²⁶³
    - Montrose
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁸⁶⁵⁴⁸
        Brachiosaurus altithorax: BYU ESM-163R: femur, tibia, scapula, humerus, femur ¹³²⁸¹
  - Oklahoma
    - Cimarron
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁸²⁶⁸⁷
  - Utah
    - ?
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ³³⁰³³
    - Wayne
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁴⁴⁴¹⁶
  - Wyoming
    - Albany
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹⁹⁵⁶⁵
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹⁹⁵⁶⁵
    - Big Horn
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁴¹⁸⁹⁸
    - Johnson
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁸⁰¹⁵⁷
    - Washakie
      - Formation Morrison
        Brachiosaurus: ? ⁴¹⁰³⁰
- Zimbabwe
  - Mashonaland North
    - ?
      - Formation Kadzi
        Brachiosaurus: ? ¹³¹²⁴
Historique des modifications:

Pas de modification récente.

Publication(s)

La base comprend 26 publication(s).

Source: The Paleobiology Database

↑^{1 2 3}E. S. Riggs. 1903. Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science, series 4 15:299-306 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.299)
↑^{1 2}A. F. d. Lapparent. 1960. Les Dinosauriens du "Continental intercalaire" du Saharal central [The dinosaurs of the "Continental Intercalaire" of the central Sahara]. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France, nouvelle série 39(88A):1-57
↑^{1 2 3 4}W. Janensch. 1914. Übersicht über die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru-Schichten [Overview of the vertebrate fauna of the Tendaguru beds]. Archiv für Biontologie 3:81-110
↑¹R. Windolf. 2000. Dinosaur sites in the Upper Jurassic of northern Germany. 5th European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology. Program. Abstracts. Excursion Guides
↑¹A. F. d. Lapparent and G. Zbyszewski. 1957. Les dinosauriens du Portugal [The dinosaurs of Portugal]. Mémoires des Services Géologiques du Portugal, nouvelle série 2:1-63
↑¹K. Remes. 2007. A second Gondwanan diplodocid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania, East Africa. Palaeontology 50(3):653-667 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00652.x)
↑¹F. W. H. Migeod. 1927. The dinosaurs of Tendaguru. Nature 119(2991):320-322 (https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100623)
↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}W. Janensch. 1929. Material und Formegehalt der Sauropoden in der Ausbeute der Tendaguru-Expedition, 1909-1912 [Material and figured content of sauropods in the yield of the Tendaguru Expedition, 1909-1912]. Palaeontographica, Supplement VII (1) 2(1):3-34
↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23}W. Janensch. 1961. Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengürtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten [The limbs and limb girdles of the sauropods of the Tendaguru Beds]. Palaeontographica, Supplement VII (1) 3(4):177-235
↑^{1 2 3 4 5}W.-D. Heinrich. 1999. The taphonomy of dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) based on field sketches of the German Tendaguru Expedition (1909-1913). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaften Reihe 28:25-61 (https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102)
↑^{1 2}W. Janensch. 1935. Die Schädel der Sauropoden Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus und Dicraeosaurus aus den Tendaguru-schichten Deutsch-Ostafrikas [The skulls of the sauropods Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus and Dicraeosaurus from the Tendaguru Beds of German East Africa]. Palaeontographica, Supplement VII (1) 2(1):145-298
↑¹W. Janensch. 1950. Die Wirbelsäule von Brachiosaurus brancai [The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai]. Palaeontographica, Supplement VII (1) 3(2):31-93
↑¹J. H. Ostrom and J. S. McIntosh. 1999. Marsh's Dinosaurs: The Collections from Como Bluff. Yale University Press, New Haven
↑¹C. Boisvert, G. T. Bivens, and B. Curtice, D. R. Wilhite, M. J. Wedel. 2025. Census of currently known specimens of the Late Jurassic sauropod Haplocanthosaurus from the Morrison Formation, USA. Geology of the Intermountain West 12(16867):1–23 (https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v12.pp1-23)
↑¹W. L. Chenoweth. 1987. The Riggs Hill and Dinosaur Hill sites, Mesa County, Colorado. Paleontology and Geology of the Dinosaur Triangle: Guidebook for 1987 Field Trip
↑^{1 2}C. E. Turner and F. Peterson. 1999. Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:77-114
↑¹J. R. Foster. 2003. Paleoecological analysis of the vertebrate fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23:1-95
↑¹B. Curtice, M. Wedel, and D. R. Wilhite, C. Boisvert. 2023. New material of Haplocanthosaurus (Hatcher 1903) from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry and a comment on sauropod diversity. 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. The Anatomical Record 306 (S1)
↑¹M. J. Wedel, M. F. Bonnan, and R. K. Sanders. 2002. Two previously unreported sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3 (suppl.)):118A
↑¹J. A. Jensen. 1987. New brachiosaur material from the Late Jurassic of Utah and Colorado. Great Britain Naturalist 47(4):592-608
↑¹J. Mathews, S. Williams, and M. Bonnan, M. Henderson. 2009. The Hanksville-Burpee Quarry: new insights into a sauropod dominated bonebed in the Morrison Formation of eastern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3, suppl.):144A
↑^{1 2}J. R. Foster. 2005. New juvenile sauropod material from western Colorado, and the record of juvenile sauropods from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
↑¹J. L. Carballido, J. S. Marpmann, and D. Schwarz-Wings, B. Pabst. 2012. New information on a juvenile sauropod specimen from the Morrison Formation and the reassessment of its systematic position. Palaeontology 55(3):567-582 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01139.x)
↑¹R. T. Tucker. 2011. Taphonomy of Sheridan College Quarry 1, Buffalo, Wyoming: implications for reconstructing historic dinosaur localities including Utterback's 1902–1910 Morrison dinosaur expeditions. Geobios 44(5):527-541 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.12.004)
↑¹H. Galiano and R. Albersdörfer. 2010. A New Basal Diplodocoid Species, Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus from the Morrison Formation, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming, with Taxonomic Reevaluation of Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, Barosaurus and Other Genera. Dinosauria International (Ten Sleep, WY) Report for September 2010
↑¹M. A. Raath and J. S. McIntosh. 1987. Sauropod dinosaurs from the central Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, and the age of the Kadzi Formation. South African Journal of Geology 90(2):107-119

Galerie d'images

Source: Wikimédia

A digitally-painted side profile illustration of the sauropod...

Brachiosaurus altithorax. Matches proportions in skeletal diagram by...

Brachiosaurus ulna (bone from the lower part of the front leg) USNM...

Réplique du squelette holotype (FMNH P25107) de Brachiosaurus...