Thescelosaurus

Description

Thescelosaurus (du grec θέσκελος / theskelos - signifiant « divin », « sublime » ou « merveilleux », et σαυρος / sauros « lézard ») est un genre fossile de petits dinosaures herbivores du sous-ordre des Ornithopodes qui a vécu à la fin du Crétacé en Amérique du Nord. Cet ornithischien faisait partie de la dernière faune dinosaurienne avant l'extinction du Crétacé-Tertiaire (K-T) il y a environ 66 millions d'années.
La préservation et l'exhaustivité du nombre de ses spécimens indiquent qu'il devait vivre en troupeau près des cours d'eau.
Ce bipède est connu à partir de plusieurs squelettes et crânes partiels qui indiquent qu'il avait une longueur moyenne comprise entre 2,5 et 4 mètres. Il était pourvu de membres postérieurs robustes, de petites mains larges et sa tête avait un museau pointu et allongé.
Ce genre de dinosaure est considéré comme un hypsilophodonte. Plusieurs espèces ont été suggérées pour ce genre. Trois sont actuellement reconnues comme valides, l'espèce type T. neglectus, ainsi que T. garbanii et T. assiniboiensis.
Ce genre a attiré l'attention des médias en 2000, lorsqu'un spécimen découvert en 1993 dans le Dakota du Sud a été interprété comme comprenant un cœur fossilisé. Il y a eu beaucoup de débats pour savoir si ce moulage était réellement un cœur. De nombreux scientifiques doutent désormais de l'identification de l'objet et des implications d'une telle identification.

Information(s)

Source: The Paleobiology Database

Attibution: Gilmore 1913¹³⁴⁵⁸
Statut: Valide
Nom commun:
Longueur (en m): ?
Largeur (en m): ?
Hauteur (en m): ?
Poids (en m): de ? à ?
Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
Mode de vie: terrestrial
Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
Vision: ?
Alimentation: herbivore
Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
Classification: Clypeodonta >> Ornithopoda >> Cerapoda >> Genasauria >> Ornithischia >> Dinosauria
Période: Turonian - Maastrichtian (de -93.90 Ma à -66.00 Ma)

Espèce(s):
- Thescelosaurus neglectus (Valide)¹³⁴⁵⁸
- Thescelosaurus edmontonensis (Valide)¹⁸⁵⁹⁸
- Thescelosaurus garbanii (Valide)¹⁴⁸⁶²
- Bugenasaura infernalis ()¹²⁹⁷¹
- Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis (Valide)⁷³⁴³¹

Specimen(s):

Thescelosaurus edmontonensis: holotype Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537 - humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, scapula
Thescelosaurus neglectus: holotype USNM 7757 - ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula
Thescelosaurus neglectus: AMNH 5031 - humerus, tibia, scapula, coracoid
Thescelosaurus neglectus: AMNH 5034 - humerus, ulna, radius
Thescelosaurus warreni recombined as Parksosaurus warreni: holotype ROM 804 - humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula
Thescelosaurus edmontonensis: Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537 - humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, scapula
Thescelosaurus neglectus: AMNH 5031 - humerus, tibia, scapula, coracoid
Détail des Spécimens

Référence	Type	Partie	Dimension (en cm)	Lieu de découverte	Commentaires
Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537	holotype	humerus	width: 22, length: 215	Collection: 8 miles northwest of Rumsey (260 ft level) [NMC]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	width is least diameter
Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537	holotype	femur	width: 47, length: 320	Collection: 8 miles northwest of Rumsey (260 ft level) [NMC]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	width is least diameter
Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537	holotype	tibia	width: 30, length: 290	Collection: 8 miles northwest of Rumsey (260 ft level) [NMC]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	width is least diameter
Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537	holotype	fibula	length: 270	Collection: 8 miles northwest of Rumsey (260 ft level) [NMC]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	diameter not stated
USNM 7757	holotype	ulna	length: 154	Collection: Thescelosaurus type, Dogie Creek- Lieu: US, Wyoming, Niobrara	see also Galton 1974
USNM 7757	holotype	radius	length: 149	Collection: Thescelosaurus type, Dogie Creek- Lieu: US, Wyoming, Niobrara	see also Galton 1974
USNM 7757	holotype	femur	length: 355	Collection: Thescelosaurus type, Dogie Creek- Lieu: US, Wyoming, Niobrara	see also Galton 1974; said to be 335 by Horner and Weishampel 1988
USNM 7757	holotype	tibia	length: 300	Collection: Thescelosaurus type, Dogie Creek- Lieu: US, Wyoming, Niobrara	see also Galton 1974
USNM 7757	holotype	fibula	length: 276	Collection: Thescelosaurus type, Dogie Creek- Lieu: US, Wyoming, Niobrara	see also Galton 1974
AMNH 5031		humerus	width: 20, length: 209	Collection: near head of Rock Creek- Lieu: US, Montana, McCone	215 by 22 according to Gilmore 1915
AMNH 5031		tibia	length: 365	Collection: near head of Rock Creek- Lieu: US, Montana, McCone	no minimum width
AMNH 5034		humerus	width: 30, length: 321	Collection: Sand Arroyo- Lieu: US, Montana,
AMNH 5034		ulna	length: 212	Collection: Sand Arroyo- Lieu: US, Montana,	no minimum width
AMNH 5034		radius	width: 18, length: 195	Collection: Sand Arroyo- Lieu: US, Montana,
ROM 804	holotype	humerus	length: 218	Collection: Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	minimum width (156) appears to be in error
ROM 804	holotype	ulna	length: 147	Collection: Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	no minimum width and length stated as "47" (I assume the 1 was left out)
ROM 804	holotype	radius	length: 128	Collection: Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	no minimum width and length placed in quotes
ROM 804	holotype	femur	length: 270	Collection: Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	no minimum width
ROM 804	holotype	tibia	length: 322	Collection: Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,	no minimum width; said to be 300 mm by Horner and Weishampel 1988
ROM 804	holotype	fibula	width: 17, length: 305	Collection: Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,
Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537		scapula	width: 38, length: 208	Collection: 8 miles northwest of Rumsey (260 ft level) [NMC]- Lieu: CA, Alberta,
AMNH 5031		scapula	width: 43, length: 197	Collection: near head of Rock Creek- Lieu: US, Montana, McCone
AMNH 5031		coracoid	width: 94, length: 79	Collection: near head of Rock Creek- Lieu: US, Montana, McCone

Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Thescelosaurus garbanii
- Thescelosaurus warreni n. recombined as Parksosaurus warreni
- Thescelosaurus neglectus
- Thescelosaurus edmontonensis
- Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis
Découverte(s): 56 occcurrences
Ouvrir - Fermer
- Canada
  - Alberta
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹²¹¹⁷
      - Formation Dinosaur Park
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹⁵⁴⁵⁵
      - Formation Horseshoe Canyon
        Parksosaurus warreni identifié comme Thescelosaurus warreni n. sp.: ROM 804: humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula ¹⁹²⁷⁰
      - Formation Oldman
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁵⁹²⁹
      - Formation Scollard
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁴⁷⁹⁰⁶
        Thescelosaurus edmontonensis: Geol. Survey Canada no. 8537: humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, scapula ¹⁸⁵⁹⁸
  - Saskatchewan
    - ?
      - Formation Frenchman
        Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis: ? ⁷³⁴³¹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹²⁰⁴⁹
- États-Unis
  - Colorado
    - Weld
      - Formation Laramie
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁷¹⁷
  - Montana
    - ?
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: AMNH 5034: humerus, ulna, radius ¹²⁶²³
    - Carter
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁶³⁴⁸⁰
      - Formation Lance
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁴⁶²⁰⁷
    - Garfield
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³¹⁰³
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³¹⁰³
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³¹⁰³
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³¹⁰³
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³¹⁰³
        Thescelosaurus: ? ³¹⁴⁹⁴
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³¹⁰³
        Thescelosaurus: ? ²⁸⁸⁸⁷
        Thescelosaurus garbanii: ? ¹⁴⁸⁶²
    - McCone
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: AMNH 5031: humerus, tibia, scapula, coracoid ¹²⁶²³
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ²³³³
    - Richland
      - Formation Lance
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹⁴⁵³⁸
    - Valley
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹²⁶²³
  - New Mexico
    - San Juan
      - Formation Fruitland
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹³⁸³⁴
  - North Dakota
    - Bowman
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
    - Slope
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁶⁶²⁴⁰
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
  - South Dakota
    - Butte
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus: ? ²⁴⁸⁹⁵
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁸⁰⁶²⁵
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁸⁰⁶²⁵
      - Formation Lance
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹²⁰⁵⁹
    - Harding
      - Formation Hell Creek
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁷⁷⁸⁹⁹
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁶⁶¹⁶⁴
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ⁶⁶¹⁶⁴
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹¹⁷⁴⁹
  - Utah
    - Garfield
      - Formation Straight Cliffs
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁸⁵³⁸⁴
  - Wyoming
    - Niobrara
      - Formation Lance
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹²²⁰²
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹²²⁰²
        Thescelosaurus: ? ¹²²⁰²
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁷⁷⁴
        Thescelosaurus: ? ⁸⁴⁸⁸⁵
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: USNM 7757: ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula ¹³⁴⁵⁸
        Thescelosaurus neglectus: ? ¹³⁴⁵⁸
Historique des modifications:

Pas de modification récente.

Publication(s)

La base comprend 32 publication(s).

Source: The Paleobiology Database

↑^{1 2 3 4}C. W. Gilmore. 1913. A new dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Wyoming. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Publications 61(5):1-5
↑^{1 2}C. M. Sternberg. 1940. Thescelosaurus edmontonensis, n. sp., and classification of the Hypsilophodontidae. Journal of Paleontology 14(5):481-494
↑^{1 2}W. J. Morris. 1976. Hypsilophodont dinosaurs: a new species and comments on their systematics. in Churcher, C.S. (ed.), Athlon: Essays in Honor of Loris Shano Russell. Royal Ontario Museum Special Publication
↑¹P. M. Galton. 1995. The species of the basal hypsilophodontid dinosaur Thescelosaurus Gilmore (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 198(3):297-311 (https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/198/1995/297)
↑^{1 2}C. M. Brown, C. A. Boyd, and A. P. Russell. 2011. A new basal ornithopod dinosaur (Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada), and implications for late Maastrichtian ornithischian diversity in North America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163(4):1157-1198 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00735.x)
↑¹C. M. Sternberg. 1926. Notes on the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 40:102-104 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.338660)
↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7}D. B. Brinkman. 1990. Paleontology of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Dinosaur National Park, Alberta, Canada: evidence from vertebrate microfossil locality. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 78:37-54
↑¹D. A. Eberth, D. B. Brinkman, and P. A. Johnston. 1988. Bonebed 31. In D. A. Eberth (ed.), Palaeoecology of Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 48th Annual Meeting, Field Trip "B" (October 12, 1988). Occasional Paper of theTyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 7:23-26
↑¹W. A. Parks. 1926. Thescelosaurus warreni, a new species of orthopodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series 21:1-42
↑¹D. C. Evans, P. M. Barrett, and K. L. Seymour. 2012. Revised identification of a reported Iguanodon-grade ornithopod tooth from the Scollard Formation, Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research 33(1):11-14 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.07.002)
↑¹C. M. Sternberg. 1924. Report on a collection of vertebrates from Wood Mountain, southern Saskatchewan, collected by C. M. Sternberg, 1921. Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series) 38(43):27-28
↑¹K. Carpenter. 1979. Vertebrate fauna of the Laramie Formation (Maestrichtian), Weld County, Colorado. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 17(1):37-49
↑^{1 2 3}P. M. Galton. 1974. Notes on Thescelosaurus, a conservative ornithopod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, with comments on ornithopod classification. Journal of Paleontology 48(5):1048-1067
↑¹W. G. Joyce, T. R. Lyson, and S. Williams. 2016. New cranial material of Gilmoremys lancensis (Testudines, Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation of southeastern Montana, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6):e1225748:1-10 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1225748)
↑¹J. S. McIntosh. 1981. Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18:1-67 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.228597)
↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6}M. T. Carrano. 2005. Fossil Vertebrate Collections, University of California Museum of Paleontology
↑¹C. A. Boyd, C. M. Brown, and R. D. Scheetz, J. A. Clarke. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3):758-770 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0328)
↑¹L. E. Wilson. 2008. Comparative taphonomy and paleoecological reconstruction of two microvertebrate accumulations from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), eastern Montana. Palaios 23:289-297 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2007.p07-006r)
↑¹C. Lupton, D. Gabriel, and R. M. West. 1980. Paleobiology and depositional setting of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate locality, Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 18(2):117-126
↑¹C. W. Gilmore. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22(3):1-201
↑¹P. J. Hutchinson and B. S. Kues. 1985. Depositional environments and paleontology of Lewis Shale to lower Kirtland Shale sequence (Upper Cretaceous), Bisti area, northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Circular 195:24-54
↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8}D. A. Pearson, T. Schaefer, and K. R. Johnson, D. J. Nichols, J. P. Hunter. 2002. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota. The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:145-167 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.145)
↑¹Y. Rollot, T. R. Lyson, and W. G. Joyce. 2018. A Description of the Skull of Eubaena cephalica (Hay, 1904) and New Insights into the Cranial Circulation and Innervation of Baenid Turtles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1474886:1-11 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1474886)
↑¹P. R. Bjork. 1985. Preliminary report on the Ruby Site bone bed, Upper Cretaceous South Dakota. Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, Abstracts with Programs 17(4):209
↑^{1 2}W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
↑¹C. W. Gilmore. 1915. Osteology of Thescelosaurus, an orthopodous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 49(2127):591-616 (https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.49-2127.591)
↑¹P. E. Fisher, D. A. Russell, and M. K. Stoskopf, R. E. Barrick, M. Hammer, A. A. Kuzmitz. 2000. Cardiovascular evidence for an intermediate or higher metabolism in an ornithischian dinosaur. Science 288:503-505 (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5465.503)
↑^{1 2}M. T. Greenwald. 1971. The Lower Vertebrates of the Hell Creek Formation, Harding County, South Dakota.
↑¹J. M. Parrish. 1999. Dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian–Judithian) of southern Utah. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:319-321
↑^{1 2 3}K. Carpenter. 1982. Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 20(2):123-134
↑¹J. L. Whitmore and J. E. Martin. 1986. Vertebrate fossils from the Greasewood Creek locality in the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation of Niobrara County, Wyoming. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 65:33-50
↑¹K. Snyder, M. McLain, and J. Wood, A. V. Chadwick. 2020. Over 13,000 elements from a single bonebed help elucidate disarticulation and transport of an Edmontosaurus thanatocoenosis. PLoS One 15(5):e0233182:1-31 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233182)

Galerie d'images

Source: Wikimédia

A scale diagram comparing three parksosaurid dinsosaur genera,...

Thescelosaurus neglectus, an hypsilophodont from North America,...