Stegosaurus

Description
Source: Wikipédia
Le stégosaure, nom vernaculaire du genre éteint Stegosaurus, désigne des dinosaures herbivores caractérisés par de grandes plaques osseuses alternées en deux rangées sur leur dos, de formes et tailles différant selon les espèces. Ils ont vécu durant le Jurassique supérieur (Kimméridgien à Tithonien inférieur), il y a environ entre 155 et 145 Ma (millions d'années) sur le continent appelé Laurasie, des États-Unis jusqu'au Portugal et au Maroc actuels. Le plus ancien stégosaure trouvé provient de la région de Boulahfa au Moyen Atlas marocain, en Afrique du Nord.
Ses fossiles ont été principalement trouvés en Amérique du Nord, dans les États du Wyoming, de l'Utah et surtout du Colorado dans la formation géologique de Morrison où trois espèces différentes ont été identifiées : S. stenops, S. ungulatus et S. sulcatus.
Il vivait au côté d'autres herbivores comme Apatosaurus, Diplodocus et Brachiosaurus et de carnivores comme Allosaurus et Ceratosaurus dont il pouvait, surtout à l'état juvénile, être la proie.
Compte tenu de la position de sa tête, ce dinosaure devait se nourrir de plantes proches du sol. Son poids, sa morphologie osseuse et les extrapolations quant aux potentielles attaches musculaires faisaient probablement de lui un herbivore placide, incapable de courir. Sa principale défense était constituée par les quatre piques osseuses présentes au bout de sa queue, dont la longueur pouvait atteindre le mètre. On s'interroge sur la fonction de la double rangée de plaques osseuses qu'il portait sur le dos : peut-être dissuasive voire défensive, peut-être pour la parade nuptiale comme le fanon gulaire des Anolis actuels, peut-être thermorégulatrice à l'image des voiles telles qu'on pouvait en trouver chez les Dimétrodons. En effet, des vaisseaux sanguins, encore visibles sur les fossiles, irriguaient ces plaques : il est probable qu'elles rougissaient avec l'afflux sanguin et probablement une vasodilatation. Cette stratégie défensive existe aujourd'hui de manière analogue chez certains animaux, dont la couleur de certains organes d'ornement peuvent virer rapidement au rouge vif, dans le but d'éloigner les prédateurs ou d'impressionner une femelle.
Information(s)
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- Attibution: Marsh 18777808
- Statut: Valide
- Nom commun: Reptile à plaques
- Longueur (en m): 10 to < 100
- Largeur (en m): 1.0 to < 10
- Hauteur (en m): 1.0 to < 10
- Poids (en m): de 1000 kg à 10000 kg
- Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
- Mode de vie: terrestrial
- Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
- Vision: ?
- Alimentation: herbivore
- Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
- Classification: Stegosauridae >> Stegosauria >> Thyreophora >> Genasauria >> Ornithischia >> Dinosauria
- Période: Oxfordian - Cenomanian (de -161.50 Ma à -93.90 Ma)
- Espèce(s):
- Diracodon laticeps (Valide)7816
- Hypsirophus discurus (Valide)14502
- Hypsirophus seeleyanus (nomen nudum, voir Stegosaurus)9088
- Stegosaurus affinis (nomen nudum, voir Stegosaurus)89529
- Stegosaurus armatus (nomen dubium, voir Stegosaurus)7808
- Stegosaurus armatus (Valide)7808
- Stegosaurus duplex (Valide)10619
- Stegosaurus madagascariensis (nomen dubium, voir Ankylosauria)23581
- Stegosaurus stenops (Valide)10619
- Stegosaurus sulcatus (Valide)10619
- Stegosaurus ungulatus (Valide)7814
- Wuerhosaurus homheni (Valide)13379
- Specimen(s):
- Stegosaurus ungulatus: holotype YPM 1853 - tibia, humerus
- Stegosaurus stenops: USNM 4929 - humerus (both) , scapula (left)
- Stegosaurus stenops: holotype USNM 4934 - fibula (right) , tibia (right) , femur (right) , radius (right) , ulna (right) , humerus (both) , scapula (right)
- Détail des Spécimens
- Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Stegosaurus mjosi recombined as Hesperosaurus mjosi
- Stegosaurus priscus n. recombined as Loricatosaurus priscus
- Stegosaurus madagascariensis n. nomen dubium, species not entered Ankylosauria
- Stegosaurus longispinus n. recombined as Miragaia longispinus
- Stegosaurus marshi n. recombined as Hoplitosaurus marshi
- Stegosaurus ungulatus
- Stegosaurus duplex
- Stegosaurus affinis n. nomen nudum, species not entered Stegosaurus
- Stegosaurus stenops
- Stegosaurus sulcatus
- Stegosaurus armatus n. nomen dubium, species not entered Stegosaurus
- Découverte(s): 94 occcurrences
Ouvrir - FermerChine
Royaume-Uni
- England
- Cambridgeshire
- Formation Oxford Clay
- Loricatosaurus priscus identifié comme Stegosaurus priscus n. sp.: ? 25691
- Formation Oxford Clay
- Cambridgeshire
- England
Madagascar
- Mahajanga
- ?
- Formation Maevarano
- Ankylosauria identifié comme Stegosaurus madagascariensis n. sp.: ? 23581
- Formation Maevarano
- ?
- Mahajanga
Portugal
États-Unis
- Colorado
- ?
- Formation Morrison
- Stegosaurus: ? 14818
- Formation Morrison
- Fremont
- Formation Morrison
- Hypsirophus discurus: ? 12893
- Stegosaurus: ? 12893
- Stegosaurus identifié comme Stegosaurus armatus: ? 10606
- Stegosaurus stenops: ? 12893
- Stegosaurus stenops: USNM 4929: humerus (both) , scapula (left) USNM 4934: fibula (right) , tibia (right) , femur (right) , radius (right) , ulna (right) , humerus (both) , scapula (right) 10606
- Stegosaurus stenops: ? 12893
- Stegosaurus stenops: ? 55055
- Formation Morrison
- Gunnison
- Jefferson
- Formation Morrison
- Stegosaurus identifié comme Stegosaurus armatus n. gen. n. sp.: ? 7808
- Formation Morrison
- Mesa
- Moffat
- Montrose
- Formation Morrison
- Stegosaurus: ? 13255
- Formation Morrison
- ?
- Montana
- New Mexico
- Oklahoma
- South Dakota
- Custer
- Formation Lakota
- Hoplitosaurus marshi identifié comme Stegosaurus marshi n. sp.: ? 17162
- Formation Lakota
- Custer
- Utah
- Wyoming
- Albany
- Formation Morrison
- Diracodon laticeps: ? 7816
- Stegosaurus: ? 13281
- Stegosaurus: ? 13281
- Stegosaurus: ? 10618
- Stegosaurus: ? 15179
- Stegosaurus: ? 10606
- Stegosaurus: ? 10606
- Stegosaurus: ? 10618
- Stegosaurus: ? 15179
- Stegosaurus: ? 10618
- Stegosaurus: ? 85332
- Stegosaurus: ? 85332
- Stegosaurus: ? 13281
- Stegosaurus: ? 14966
- Stegosaurus: ? 15179
- Stegosaurus: ? 46207
- Stegosaurus: ? 1808
- Stegosaurus: ? 5990
- Stegosaurus: ? 46207
- Stegosaurus: ? 52605
- Stegosaurus: ? 46207
- Stegosaurus: ? 15179
- Stegosaurus identifié comme Stegosaurus affinis n. sp.: ? 89529
- Stegosaurus duplex: ? 10619
- Stegosaurus stenops: ? 10619
- Stegosaurus stenops: ? 13281
- Stegosaurus stenops: ? 58803
- Stegosaurus sulcatus: ? 10619
- Stegosaurus ungulatus: ? 7814
- Formation Morrison
- Big Horn
- Carbon
- Converse
- Formation Morrison
- Stegosaurus: ? 4387
- Formation Morrison
- Hot Spings
- Formation Morrison
- Stegosaurus: ? 5760
- Formation Morrison
- Johnson
- Natrona
- Formation Morrison
- Miragaia longispinus identifié comme Stegosaurus longispinus n. sp.: ? 10606
- Formation Morrison
- Albany
- Colorado
- Historique des modifications:
Pas de modification récente.
Publication(s)
La base comprend 51 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 3 4 O. C. Marsh. 1877. A new order of extinct Reptilia (Stegosauria) from the Jurassic of the Rocky Mountains. American Journal of Science and Arts 14:513-514 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.513)
- ↑1 2 O. C. Marsh. 1881. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part V. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 21:417-423 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-21.125.417)
- ↑1 E. D. Cope. 1878. Descriptions of new extinct Vertebrata from the Upper Tertiary and Dakota Formations. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4(2):379-396
- ↑1 E. D. Cope. 1879. New Jurassic Dinosauria. American Naturalist 13:402-404
- ↑1 2 O. C. Marsh. 1881. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part IV. Spinal cord, pelvis, and limbs of Stegosaurus. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 21:167–170
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 O. C. Marsh. 1887. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part IX. The skull and dermal armor of Stegosaurus. American Journal of Science 34:413-417 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-34.203.413)
- ↑1 2 J. Piveteau. 1926. Contribution a l'etude des formations lagunaires du nord-ouest de Madagascar [Contribution to the study of the lagoonal formations of northwest Madagascar]. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 4e série 26:33-38
- ↑1 2 3 O. C. Marsh. 1879. Notice of new Jurassic reptiles. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 18:501–505 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-18.108.501)
- ↑1 2 3 Z. Dong. 1973. [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Reports of Paleontological Expedition to Sinkiang (II): Pterosaurian Fauna from Wuerho, Sinkiang. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica 11:45-52
- ↑1 S. C. R. Maidment, D. B. Norman, and P. M. Barrett, P. Upchurch. 2008. Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6(4):367-407 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201908002459)
- ↑1 P. M. Galton. 1991. Postcranial remains of stegosaurian dinosaur Dacentrurus from Upper Jurassic of France and Portugal. Geologica et Palaeontologica 25:299-327
- ↑1 F. Escaso, F. Ortega, and P. Dantas, E. Malafaia, N. L. Pimentel, X. Pereda-Suberbiola, J. L. Sanz, J. C. Kullberg, M. C. Kullberg, F. Barriga. 2007. New evidence of shared dinosaur across Upper Jurassic proto-North Atlantic: Stegosaurus from Portugal. Naturwissenschaften 94:367-374 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0209-8)
- ↑1 F. Costa and O. Mateus. 2019. Dacentrurine stegosaurs (Dinosauria): a new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America. PLoS One 14(11):e0224263:1-124 (https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0224263)
- ↑1 L. King, J. Foster, and R. Scheetz. 2005. Mesadactylus and other new pterosaur specimens from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of western Colorado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3, suppl.):78A
- ↑1 2 3 4 K. Carpenter. 1998. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Morrison Formation near Cañon City, Colorado. Modern Geology 23:407-426
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 C. W. Gilmore. 1914. Osteology of the armored Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genus Stegosaurus. United States National Museum Bulletin 89:1-136 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63658)
- ↑1 K. Carpenter. 1997. Cañon City. Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
- ↑1 2 A. L. Koch, F. Frost, and K. Trujillo. 2006. Palaeontological discoveries at Curecanti National Recreation Area and Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:35-38
- ↑1 J. S. Tweet, V. L. Santucci, and T. Connors, J. P. Kenworthy. 2012. Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring: Northern Colorado Plateau Network. National Park Service Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2012/585
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 C. E. Turner and F. Peterson. 1999. Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:77-114
- ↑1 E. L. Holt. 1940. The dinosaurs of the Grand River Valley. Journal of the Colorado-Wyoming Academy of Science 2(6):28-29
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 J. R. Foster. 2003. Paleoecological analysis of the vertebrate fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23:1-95
- ↑1 J. R. Foster, J. B. McHugh, and J. E. Peterson, M. F. Leschin. 2016. Major bonebeds in mudrocks of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), northern Colorado Plateau of Utah and Colorado. Geology of the Intermountain West 3:33-66 (https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v3.pp33-66)
- ↑1 H. R. Bollan. 1991. The Bollan Stegosaurus. Guidebook for Dinosaur Quarries and Tracksites Tour, Western Colorado and Eastern Utah
- ↑1 A. Stanton. 2004. Taphonomy of the Calico Gulch Quarry, Morrison Formation, Colorado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):117A
- ↑1 B. Britt. 1991. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. BYU Geology Studies 37:1-72
- ↑1 2 E. T. Saitta. 2015. Evidence for sexual dimorphism in the plated dinosaur Stegosaurus mjosi (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of western USA. PLoS ONE 10(4):e0123503:1-20 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123503)
- ↑1 C. T. Smith. 1961. Triassic and Jurassic rocks of the Albuquerque area. New Mexico Geological Society 12th Annual Fall Field Conference, Albuquerque Country. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 12:121-128 (https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-12.121)
- ↑1 J. W. Stovall. 1938. The Morrison of Oklahoma and its dinosaurs. Journal of Geology 46:583-600 (https://doi.org/10.1086/624660)
- ↑1 2 D. R. Richmond, T. C. Hunt, and R. L. Cifelli. 2020. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Morrison Formation in the western panhandle of Oklahoma with reference to the historical Stovall dinosaur quarries. Journal of Geology 128:477-515 (https://doi.org/10.1086/71236)
- ↑1 F. A. Lucas. 1901. A new dinosaur, Stegosaurus marshi, from the Lower Cretaceous of South Dakota. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23(1224):591-592 (https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1224.591)
- ↑1 W. D. Tidwell and G. F. Thayn. 1985. Flora of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and Colorado, Part IV. Palaeopiceoxylon thinosus (Protopinaceae). The Southwestern Naturalist 30(4):525-532 (https://doi.org/10.2307/3671046)
- ↑1 D. L. Jeffery, J. L. Bertog, and J. R. Bishop. 2011. Sequence stratigraphy of dinosaur lake: small scale fluvio-deltaic stratal relationships of a dinosaur accumulation at the Aaron Scott Quarry, Morrison Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah. Palaios 26(5):275-283 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-104r)
- ↑1 J. H. Madsen Jr. and W. L. Stokes. 1978. University of Utah Dinosaur Project: a final report, 1971–1977. Encyclia 54(2):68-70
- ↑1 J. B. Smith. 1997. Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry. Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
- ↑1 J. Howard. 1991. The Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail. Guidebook for Dinosaur Quarries and Tracksites Tour, Western Colorado and Eastern Utah
- ↑1 2 D. J. Chure and G. F. Engelmann. 1989. The fauna of the Morrison Formation in Dinosaur National Monument. In J. J. Flynn (ed.), Mesozoic/Cenozoic Vertebrate Paleontology: Classic Localities, Contemporary Approaches: Field Trip Guide Book T322. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC (https://doi.org/10.1029/ft322p0008)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 J. S. McIntosh. 1981. Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18:1-67 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.228597)
- ↑1 J. Mathews, S. Williams, and M. Bonnan, M. Henderson. 2009. The Hanksville-Burpee Quarry: new insights into a sauropod dominated bonebed in the Morrison Formation of eastern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3, suppl.):144A
- ↑1 2 3 J. H. Ostrom and J. S. McIntosh. 1999. Marsh's Dinosaurs: The Collections from Como Bluff. Yale University Press, New Haven
- ↑1 2 M. V. Connely. 2002. Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Morrison Formation, Como Bluff, Wyoming
- ↑1 2 C. A. Miles and D. W. Hamblin. 1999. Historical update: paleontological excavation in the Como Region. In J. H. Ostrom & J. S. McIntosh, Marsh's Dinosaurs. Yale University Press, New Haven
- ↑1 J. B. Hatcher. 1901. Some new and little known fossil vertebrates. Annals of Carnegie Museum 1(1):128-144 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.247228)
- ↑1 J. B. Hatcher. 1901. Diplodocus Marsh; its osteology, taxonomy, and probate habits, with a restoration of the skeleton. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1:1-63 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.234818)
- ↑1 L. L. White. 1950. The Duquesne University Collection of Dinosaur Bones.
- ↑1 B. Brown. 1932. A spine-armored saurian of the past. Natural History 32(6):493-496
- ↑1 B. K. Wilborn. 2001. Two New Dinosaur Bonebeds from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, Bighorn Basin, WY: An Analysis of the Paleontology and Stratigraphy.
- ↑1 H. J. Siber and U. Möckli. 2009. The Stegosaurs of the Sauriermuseum Aathal (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.019)
- ↑1 M. Hanson and P. J. Makovicky. 2013. A new specimen of Torvoaurus tanneri originally collected by Elmer Riggs. Historical Biology 26(6):775-784 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.853056)
- ↑1 S. W. Williston. 1901. The dinosaurian genus Creosaurus, Marsh. American Journal of Science, series 4 11(11):111-114 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-11.62.111)
- ↑1 C. A. Bjoraker-Naus. 1997. The Warm Springs Ranch Dinosaur Locality, Thermopolis, Wyoming. Preliminary flora and fauna analysis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3):32A
Galerie d'images
Source: Wikimédia