Pinacosaurus

Description

Pinacosaurus est un genre éteint de dinosaures ornithischiens herbivores de la famille des Ankylosauridae qui vivait au Crétacé supérieur dans ce qui est aujourd'hui la Mongolie et la Chine.
Il avait au bout de la queue une sorte de massue dont il se servait probablement comme d'une arme : il la balançait avec assez de force pour pouvoir estropier ses ennemis. Il avait des dents petites et faibles adaptées à la consommation d'une végétation tendre.

Information(s)

Source: The Paleobiology Database

Attibution: Gilmore 1933¹²⁰⁵⁶
Statut: Valide
Nom commun: Reptile planche
Longueur (en m): 10 to < 100
Largeur (en m): 1.0 to < 10
Hauteur (en m): 1.0 to < 10
Poids (en m): de 1000 kg à 3000 kg
Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
Mode de vie: terrestrial
Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
Vision: ?
Alimentation: herbivore
Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
Classification: Ankylosaurinae >> Ankylosauridae >> Ankylosauria >> Thyreophora >> Genasauria >> Ornithischia >> Dinosauria
Période: Coniacian - Campanian (de -89.80 Ma à -72.20 Ma)

Espèce(s):
- Pinacosaurus grangeri (Valide)¹²⁰⁵⁶
- Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus (Valide)¹⁰⁰⁷⁹
- Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis (Synonyme subjectif de Pinacosaurus grangeri)¹⁸⁰¹⁹
- Syrmosaurus viminocaudus (Synonyme subjectif de Pinacosaurus grangeri)¹⁴³⁸⁶

Specimen(s):

Pinacosaurus grangeri: ZPAL MgD-II/1 - juvenile radius, juvenile humerus, juvenile coracoid, juvenile scapula, juvenile skull
Syrmosaurus viminocaudus subjective synonym of Pinacosaurus grangeri: PIN 614 - ulna, radius, humerus, coracoid, scapula
Détail des Spécimens

Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Pinacosaurus
- Pinacosaurus grangeri
- Syrmosaurus subjective synonym of Pinacosaurus
- Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis n. subjective synonym of Pinacosaurus grangeri
- Syrmosaurus viminocaudus n. subjective synonym of Pinacosaurus grangeri
- Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus
Découverte(s): 25 occcurrences
Ouvrir - Fermer
- Chine
  - Nei Mongol
    - ?
      - Formation Bayan Mandahu
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁶⁴⁰⁴⁰
    - Alxa
      - Formation Wulansuhai
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁷⁰⁵⁰⁴
    - Bayan Nor
      - Formation Bayan Mandahu
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁶⁴⁰⁴⁰
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁶⁴⁰⁴⁰
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁶⁴⁰⁴⁰
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁸⁶⁵³⁰
        Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus: ? ¹⁰⁰⁷⁹
  - Ningxia
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Pinacosaurus grangeri identifié comme Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis n. sp.: ? ¹⁸⁰¹⁹
  - Shandong
    - Laiyang
      - Formation Jiangjunding
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁹⁶⁶⁰
- Mongolie
  - Dornogov
    - ?
      - Formation Baruungoyot
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ²⁶⁷⁹⁶
  - Omngov
    - ?
      - Formation Djadokhta
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁵³⁷⁵⁹
  - Omnogov
    - ?
      - Formation Alagteeg
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁵⁹¹³⁶
      - Formation Baruungoyot
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ²⁶⁷⁹⁶
      - Formation Djadokhta
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁴²²⁹³
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁴²²⁹⁴
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁹⁹⁰¹
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁴²²⁹¹
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ¹²⁰⁵⁶
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ZPAL MgD-II/1 : juvenile radius, juvenile humerus, juvenile coracoid, juvenile scapula, juvenile skull ¹⁴²³⁵
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ²⁸¹⁹³
        Pinacosaurus grangeri identifié comme Syrmosaurus viminocaudus n. gen. n. sp.: PIN 614 : ulna, radius, humerus, coracoid, scapula ¹⁴³⁸⁶
    - Gurvan Tes
      - Formation Djadokhta
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ¹⁴⁴⁴⁹
        Pinacosaurus grangeri: ? ⁷⁸²⁹⁴
  - Ovorkhangai
    - ?
      - Formation Öösh
        Pinacosaurus identifié comme Syrmosaurus sp.: ? ¹⁴³⁸⁷
  - Ömnögovi Aimag
    - ?
      - Formation Djadokhta
        Pinacosaurus: ? ⁴²²⁹³
Historique des modifications:

Référence	Partie	Dimension (en cm)	Lieu de découverte	Commentaires
ZPAL MgD-II/1	juvenile radius	width: 18	Collection: Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,	width = maximum anteroposterior width in midshaft
ZPAL MgD-II/1	juvenile humerus	width: 31, length: 160	Collection: Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,	width = maximum anteroposterior width in midshaft
ZPAL MgD-II/1	juvenile coracoid	length: 110	Collection: Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,
ZPAL MgD-II/1	juvenile scapula	length: 190	Collection: Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,
ZPAL MgD-II/1	juvenile skull	width: 210, length: 185	Collection: Bayn Dzak, site 2 [PMPE]- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,
PIN 614	ulna	width: 32, length: 210	Collection: Bayn Dzak [MPE/SMPE] (PIN coll. 614)- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,	width = maximum anteroposterior width in midshaft
PIN 614	radius	width: 30, length: 174	Collection: Bayn Dzak [MPE/SMPE] (PIN coll. 614)- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,	width = maximum anteroposterior width in midshaft
PIN 614	humerus	width: 51, length: 290	Collection: Bayn Dzak [MPE/SMPE] (PIN coll. 614)- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,	width = maximum anteroposterior width in midshaft
PIN 614	coracoid	length: 190	Collection: Bayn Dzak [MPE/SMPE] (PIN coll. 614)- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,
PIN 614	scapula	length: 390	Collection: Bayn Dzak [MPE/SMPE] (PIN coll. 614)- Lieu: MN, Omnogov,

Pas de modification récente.

Publication(s)

La base comprend 20 publication(s).

Source: The Paleobiology Database

↑^{1 2 3}C. W. Gilmore. 1933. Two new dinosaurian reptiles from Mongolia with notes on some fragmentary specimens. American Museum Novitates 679:1-20
↑^{1 2}P. Godefroit, X. Pereda-Suberbiola, and H. Li, Z. Dong. 1999. A new species of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 69(supplement):17-366
↑^{1 2}C.-C. Young. 1935. On a new nodosaurid from Ninghsia. Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C 11(1):1-28
↑^{1 2}E. A. Maleev. 1952. Novoe semeystvo pantsirnich dinosavrov is verchnego mela Mongolii [A new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 87(1):131-134
↑^{1 2 3 4}V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie. 2016. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14(5):385-444 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985)
↑¹S. Ji, L. Zhang, and L. Lu, J. Hao. 2017. The first discovery of the Late Cretaceous protoceratopsid fauna from Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 91(5):1908-1909 (https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13421)
↑¹G. Botfalvai, E. Prondvai, and A. Ösi. 2021. Living alone or moving in herds? A holistic approach highlights complexity in the social lifestyle of Cretaceous ankylosaurs. Cretaceous Research 118:104633 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104633)
↑¹E. Buffetaut. 1995. An ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong (China). Geological Magazine 132(6):683-692 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800018914)
↑^{1 2}T. A. Tumanova. 1987. Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii [The armored dinosaurs of Mongolia]. Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32:1-80
↑¹M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1997. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:69-82
↑¹R. Gradzinski, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and T. Maryanska. 1977. Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions. Acta Geologica Polonica 27(3):281-318
↑^{1 2}S. Suzuki and M. Watabe. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1998. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:83-98
↑¹M. Watabe and K. Tsogtbaatar. 2004. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 2000. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 2:45-67
↑¹Z. Kielan-Jaworowska and K. Kowalski. 1965. Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions to the Gobi Desert in 1963 and 1964. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Cl. II 13(3):175-179
↑¹W. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1994. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:30-44
↑¹T. Maryanska. 1971. New data on the skull of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Ankylosauria). Palaeontologia Polonica 25:45-53
↑¹L. M. Chiappe, S. Suzuki, and G. J. Dyke, M. Watabe, K. Tsogtbaatar, R. Barsbold. 2007. A new enantiornithine bird from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5(2):193-208 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201906001969)
↑¹R. V. Hill, L. M. Witmer, and M. A. Norell. 2003. A new specimen of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia: ontogeny and phylogeny of ankylosaurs. American Museum Novitates 3395:1-29 (https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2003)395<0001:ansopg>2.0.co;2)
↑¹R. V. Hill, M. D. D'Emic, and G. S. Bever, M. A. Norell. 2015. A complex hyobranchial apparatus in a Cretaceous dinosaur and the antiquity of avian paraglossalia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175(4):892-909 (https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12293)
↑¹E. A. Maleev. 1954. Pantsyrnye dinosavry verchnego mela Mongolii (Semeustvo Syrmosauridae) [The Upper Cretaceous armored dinosaurs of Mongolia (family Syrmosauridae)]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiy Nauk SSSR 48:142-170

Galerie d'images

Source: Wikimédia

Pinacosaurus - 01

Pinacosaurus - 03

Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus in the Royal Belgian Institute of...

Pinacosaurus grangeri in the exhibition 'Dinosaures. Tresors del...