Psittacosaurus

Description

Psittacosaurus soit « lézard perroquet » (en français, les psittacosaures) est un genre éteint de dinosaures ornithischiens cératopsiens primitifs du début du Crétacé inférieur qui vivait en Asie, il y a environ 130 à 100 Ma. C'est l'un des genres de dinosaures le plus riche en espèces, puisqu'on en connaît au moins dix espèces grâce aux fossiles trouvés dans les différentes régions des actuelles Chine (biote de Jehol), Laos, Mongolie et Russie, avec la possibilité d'existence d'autres espèces en provenance de Thaïlande.
Toutes les espèces de Psittacosaurus étaient des bipèdes herbivores de la taille d'une antilope avec un gros bec puissant sur la mâchoire supérieure. Au moins une espèce avait sur la queue et le bas du dos des structures semblables à des épines (poils creux, peut-être des plumes, c'est contesté) qui auraient pu remplir une fonction d'affichage. Les psittacosaures étaient des cératopsiens très précoces et, s'ils avaient développé de nombreuses adaptations nouvelles pour eux-mêmes, ils partageaient de nombreuses caractéristiques anatomiques avec d'autres cératopsiens comme le Protoceratops et le Triceratops qui avait la taille d'un éléphant.
Psittacosaurus n'est pas aussi connu du grand public que son parent éloigné le Triceratops, mais c'est l'un des genres de dinosaures les mieux connus. On a recueilli, à ce jour, les fossiles de plus de 400 individus, dont de nombreux squelettes complets. La plupart des classes d'âge sont représentées, depuis l'éclosion jusqu'à l'âge adulte, ce qui a permis plusieurs études détaillées sur la croissance et la reproduction du genre. L'abondance de ce dinosaure a conduit à son utilisation comme un indice de datation au début du Crétacé de certaines couches de sédiments de l'Asie centrale.

Information(s)

Source: The Paleobiology Database

Attibution: Osborn 1923⁹⁶³²
Statut: Valide
Nom commun: Reptile-perroquet
Longueur (en m): ?
Largeur (en m): ?
Hauteur (en m): ?
Poids (en m): de ? à ?
Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
Mode de vie: terrestrial
Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
Vision: ?
Alimentation: herbivore
Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
Classification: Ceratopsia >> Marginocephalia >> Cerapoda >> Genasauria >> Ornithischia >> Dinosauria
Période: Valanginian - Albian (de -137.05 Ma à -100.50 Ma)

Espèce(s):
- Psittacosaurus mongoliensis (Valide)⁹⁶³²
- Protiguanodon mongoliense (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus mongoliensis)⁹⁶³²
- Psittacosaurus sattayaraki ()⁹⁷⁰³
- Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis ()¹¹⁷⁵⁹
- Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis (Valide)¹²⁴⁶⁶
- Psittacosaurus ordosensis ()¹²⁴⁶⁶
- Psittacosaurus guyangensis (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus mongoliensis)⁶⁴⁰¹⁰
- Psittacosaurus sinensis (Valide)¹⁴⁸⁹¹
- Psittacosaurus osborni (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus mongoliensis)¹⁴⁷⁷⁹
- Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis (Valide)¹³⁵⁸⁴
- Psittacosaurus meileyingensis (Valide)¹⁴¹⁰⁶
- Psittacosaurus tingi (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus mongoliensis)¹⁴⁷⁷⁹
- Psittacosaurus youngi (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus sinensis)⁸⁴⁵⁸⁰
- Psittacosaurus protiguanodonensis (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus mongoliensis)¹⁴⁸⁹¹
- Psittacosaurus houi (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis)¹⁴⁹⁹³
- Psittacosaurus sibiricus (Valide)⁴⁰⁰⁵⁹
- Psittacosaurus major (Synonyme subjectif de Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis)²⁴⁶⁴⁷
- Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis (Valide)²⁵⁴⁹⁸
- Psittacosaurus gobiensis (Valide)³⁵⁰⁷⁵
- Psittacosaurus amitabha (Valide)⁷⁷⁰¹⁷

Specimen(s):

Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: LHPV1 - femur, skull, scapulacoracoid, humerus, radius, femur, tibia
Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ZMNH M8137 - femur, skull
Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: LPM R00117 - femur
Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ZMNH M8138 - femur, skull
Psittacosaurus sibiricus: holotype PM TGU 16/4-20 - skull, radius, ulna, femur, scapula, scapula, tibia
Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ZMNH M8137 - femur, skull
Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ZMNH M8138 - femur, skull
Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: AMNH6254 - skull, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula
Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: AMNH6253 - humerus, femur, fibula
Psittacosaurus major subjective synonym of Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: LHPV1 - femur, skull, scapulacoracoid, humerus, radius, femur, tibia
Détail des Spécimens

Référence	Type	Partie	Dimension (en cm)	Lieu de découverte	Commentaires
LHPV1		femur	length: 172	Collection: Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao	estimated age 9
ZMNH M8137		femur	length: 189	Collection: Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao	estimated age 9
LPM R00117		femur	length: 201	Collection: Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao	estimated age 10
ZMNH M8138		femur	length: 202	Collection: Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao	estimated age 11
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	skull	length: 207	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	radius	length: 106	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	ulna	length: 123	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	femur	length: 223	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	scapula	width: 80	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky	width = measured in the distal end
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	scapula	width: 80	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky	width = measured in the distal end
PM TGU 16/4-20	holotype	tibia	length: 205	Collection: Shestakovo-1- Lieu: RU, Kemerovo, Chebulinsky
ZMNH M8137		skull	width: 150, length: 190	Collection: Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
ZMNH M8138		skull	length: 205	Collection: Lujiatun village 3, Yixian (ZMNH)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
AMNH6254		skull	length: 150	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		scapula	length: 148	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		humerus	length: 119	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		radius	length: 81	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		ulna	length: 90	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		femur	length: 162	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		tibia	length: 181	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6254		fibula	length: 179	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6253		humerus	length: 123	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6253		femur	length: 158	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
AMNH6253		fibula	length: 167	Collection: Red Mesa, Artsa Bogdo (AMNH Loc. 11492)- Lieu: MN, Ovorkhangai,
LHPV1		skull	length: 203, width: 185	Collection: Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
LHPV1		scapulacoracoid	length: 171	Collection: Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
LHPV1		humerus	length: 149	Collection: Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
LHPV1		radius	length: 91	Collection: Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
LHPV1		femur	length: 172	Collection: Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao
LHPV1		tibia	length: 197	Collection: Lujiatun village, Shangyuan [general] (other)- Lieu: CN, Liaoning, Beipiao

Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Psittacosaurus sattayaraki n. species not entered Ceratopsia
- Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis n. species not entered Psittacosaurus
- Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis
- Psittacosaurus ordosensis n. species not entered Psittacosaurus
- Psittacosaurus mongoliensis
- Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis
- Psittacosaurus meileyingensis
- Psittacosaurus sibiricus
- Psittacosaurus sinensis
- Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
- Psittacosaurus gobiensis
- Protiguanodon species not entered Psittacosaurus
- Psittacosaurus amitabha
Découverte(s): 72 occcurrences
Ouvrir - Fermer
- Chine
  - Gansu
    - ?
      - Formation Zhonggou
        Psittacosaurus identifié comme Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis n. sp.: ? ¹¹⁷⁵⁹
    - Subei
      - Formation Zhonggou
        Psittacosaurus identifié comme Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis n. sp.: ? ¹¹⁷⁵⁹
  - Liaoning
    - ?
      - Formation Jiufotang
        Psittacosaurus meileyingensis: ? ¹⁴¹⁰⁶
        Psittacosaurus meileyingensis: ? ¹⁴¹⁰⁶
        Psittacosaurus meileyingensis: ? ¹⁴¹⁰⁶
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ¹⁴¹⁰⁶
      - Formation Yixian
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹³⁵³³
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹³⁵³³
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹³⁵³³
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁷¹⁸⁶
    - Beipiao
      - Formation Yixian
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹⁴⁹¹⁷
        Psittacosaurus: ? ²⁴⁶³⁷
        Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: LHPV1: femur, skull, scapulacoracoid, humerus, radius, femur, tibia ZMNH M8137: femur, skull LPM R00117: femur ZMNH M8138: femur, skull ZMNH M8137: femur, skull ZMNH M8138: femur, skull ²⁵⁴⁹⁸
        Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ? ²⁷⁹⁵⁶
        Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ? ¹⁴⁹⁹³
        Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: LHPV1: femur, skull, scapulacoracoid, humerus, radius, femur, tibia ²⁴⁶⁴⁷
    - Ningcheng
      - Formation Yixian
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁸⁸⁶⁷⁰
    - Yixian
      - Formation Yixian
        Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis: ? ²⁵⁴⁶⁶
  - Nei Mongol
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ¹⁴⁷⁷⁹
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ¹⁴⁷⁷⁹
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ¹⁴⁷⁷⁹
      - Formation Bayangobi
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
        Psittacosaurus gobiensis: ? ³⁵⁰⁷⁵
      - Formation Ejinhoro
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
        Psittacosaurus identifié comme Psittacosaurus ordosensis n. sp.: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
        Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
      - Formation Jingchuan
        Psittacosaurus: ? ³⁰⁶⁹³
      - Formation Luohandong
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
      - Formation On Gong
        Psittacosaurus identifié comme ? Protiguanodon sp.: ? ⁶²⁸³⁹
      - Formation Zhidan
        Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis: ? ⁸²²⁸⁰
    - Sheyang
      - Formation Lisangou
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ⁶⁴⁰¹⁰
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ⁶⁴⁰¹⁰
  - Ningxia
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹²⁴⁶⁶
  - Shandong
    - Laiyang
      - Formation Doushan
        Psittacosaurus sinensis: ? ¹⁴⁸⁹¹
        Psittacosaurus sinensis: ? ⁸⁴⁵⁸⁰
        Psittacosaurus sinensis: ? ¹⁴⁸⁹¹
  - Xinjiang
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ⁶⁴⁰¹⁰
        Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis: ? ¹³⁵⁸⁴
      - Formation Lianmuqin
        Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis: ? ¹⁷³⁶⁰
- Mongolie
  - Bayankhongor
    - ?
      - Formation Ulan Argalant
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁸⁰¹⁵¹
  - Dornogov
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁵³⁷⁹³
      - Formation Khuren Dukh
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁴²²⁸⁹
        Psittacosaurus: ? ³³⁹⁶⁷
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁴²²⁸⁹
      - Formation Tsagaantsav
        Psittacosaurus: ? ³³⁹⁶⁷
  - Ovorhangai
    - ?
      - Formation Dushihin
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ²⁹⁵⁹⁹
      - Formation Döshuul
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ¹⁴⁰⁰⁰
      - Formation Tsagaantsav
        Psittacosaurus: ? ³⁰⁹⁵⁸
  - Ovorkhangai
    - ?
      - Formation ?
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁵⁵⁰⁶⁷
      - Formation Andaikhudag
        Psittacosaurus amitabha: ? ⁷⁷⁰¹⁷
        Psittacosaurus amitabha: ? ⁷⁷⁰¹⁷
      - Formation Öösh
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹³⁰⁶⁰
        Psittacosaurus: ? ²³⁵⁶²
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹³⁰⁶⁰
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ⁹⁶³²
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: AMNH6254: skull, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula AMNH6253 : humerus, femur, fibula ¹³⁰⁶⁰
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ³⁰⁵⁵⁴
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ⁹⁶³²
  - Övörkhangai
    - Guchin Us
      - Formation Dzunbain
        Psittacosaurus mongoliensis: ? ³⁰⁵⁵⁴
- Russie
  - Kemerovo
    - Chebulinsky
      - Formation Ilek
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹⁴³⁶⁷
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁵⁴⁵⁸⁴
        Psittacosaurus sibiricus: ? ⁴⁰⁰⁵⁹
        Psittacosaurus sibiricus: PM TGU 16/4-20: skull, radius, ulna, femur, scapula, scapula, tibia ¹⁹⁰⁹²
    - Tisulsky
      - Formation Ilek
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹⁴³⁶⁷
  - Krasnoyarsk
    - Achinsky
      - Formation Ilek
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁸⁶⁴⁶¹
    - Emelyanovo
      - Formation Ilek
        Psittacosaurus: ? ¹⁴³⁶⁷
- Thaïlande
  - Chaiyaphum
    - Mueang
      - Formation Khok Kruat
        Ceratopsia identifié comme Psittacosaurus sattayaraki n. sp.: ? ⁹⁷⁰³
  - Khon Kaen
    - Mancha Khiri
      - Formation Khok Kruat
        Psittacosaurus: ? ⁸³⁶²⁸
    - Nam Phong
      - Formation Khok Kruat
        Psittacosaurus: ? ³¹⁹¹⁸
Historique des modifications:

Pas de modification récente.

Publication(s)

La base comprend 44 publication(s).

Source: The Paleobiology Database

↑^{1 2 3 4 5}H. F. Osborn. 1923. Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 95:1-10
↑^{1 2}E. Buffetaut and R. Ingavat. 1992. A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology 35(4):801-812
↑^{1 2 3}X. Xu. 1997. A new psittacosaur (Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis sp. nov.) from Mazongshan area, Gansu Province, China. Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition, (Z. Dong (ed.), China Ocean Press, Beijing
↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11}D. A. Russell and X.-J. Zhao. 1996. New psittacosaur occurrences in Inner Mongolia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33(4):637-648 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-047)
↑^{1 2 3 4}Z.-W. Cheng. 1982. Páxíng lèi {Reptilia}. Mesozoic Stratigraphic Paleontology in the Guyang Coal-Bearing Basin, Inner Mongolia
↑^{1 2 3 4}C.-C. Young. 1958. The dinosaurian remains of Laiyang, Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C, Whole Number 42(16):1-138
↑^{1 2 3 4 5}C.-C. Young. 1932. On some new dinosaurs from western Suiyuan, Inner Mongolia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 11:259-266 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1932.mp11003005.x)
↑^{1 2}P. C. Sereno and S. Chao. 1988. Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis (Ornithischia: Ceratopsia), a new psittacosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of northwestern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8(4):353-365 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011724)
↑^{1 2 3 4 5}P. C. Sereno, S. Chao, and Z. Cheng, C. Rao. 1988. Psittacosaurus meileyingensis (Ornithischia: Ceratopsia), a new psittacosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8(4):366-377 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011725)
↑^{1 2}S. Chao. 1962. [A new species of parrot dinosaur from Laiyang, Shandong]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 6(4):349-360
↑^{1 2}H. You, X. Xu, and X. Wang. 2003. A new genus of Psittacosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) and the origin and early evolution of marginocephalian dinosaurs. Acta Geologica Sinica 77(1):15-20
↑^{1 2}S. V. Leshchinskiy, A. V. Faingerts, and A. V. Voronkevich, E. N. Mashchensko, A. O. Averianov. 2000. Predvaritel'nye rezul'taty izucheniy mestonakhozhdenii Shestakovskogo kompleksa rannemelovykh pozvonochnykh [Preliminary results of the investigation of the Shestakovo localities of Early Cretaceous vertebrates]. Materialy Regional'noy Konferentsii Geologov Sibiri Dal'nego Vostoka i Severo-Vostoka Rossii. Gala Press, Tomsk 2:363-366
↑^{1 2}P. C. Sereno, X. Zhao, and L. Brown, L. Tan. 2007. New psittacosaurid highlights skull enlargement in horned dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52(2):275-284
↑^{1 2}C.-F. Zhou, K.-Q. Gao, and R. C. Fox, S.-H. Chen. 2006. A new species of Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Palaeoworld 15(1):100-114 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2005.11.001)
↑^{1 2}P. C. Sereno, X. Zhao, and L. Tan. 2010. A new psittacosaur from Inner Mongolia and the parrot-like structure and function of the psittacosaur skull. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277(1679):199-209 (https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0691)
↑^{1 2 3}J. G. Napoli, T. Hunt, and G. M. Erickson, M. A. Norell. 2019. Psittacosaurus amitabha, a new species of ceratopsian dinosaur from the Ondai Sayr Locality, Central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3932:1-36 (https://doi.org/10.1206/3932.1)
↑^{1 2 3}X. Wang, Y. Wang, and Y. Wang, X. Xu, Z. Tang, F. Zhang, Y. Hu. 1998. Stratigraphic sequence and vertebrate-bearing beds of the lower part of the Yixian Formation in Sihetun and neighboring area, western Liaoning, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 36(2):81-101
↑¹G. Mayr, D. S. Peters, and G. Plodowski, O. Vogel. 2002. Bristle-like integumentary structures at the tail of the horned dinosaur Psittacosaurus. Naturwissenschaften 89:361-365 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0339-6)
↑¹X. Xu and X. Wang. 1998. New psittacosaur (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia) occurrence from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China and its stratigraphical significance. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 36(2):147-158
↑¹J. Lü, Y. Kobayashi, and Y.-N. Lee, Q. Ji. 2007. A new Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) specimen from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China: the first pathological psittacosaurid. Cretaceous Research 28:272-276 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.005)
↑¹H.-L. You, K. Tanoue, and P. Dodson. 2008. New data on cranial anatomy of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus major. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53(2):183-196 (https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2008.0202)
↑¹H. Zhang, D. Yu, and Y. Feng, R. Pei, C.-F. Zhou. 2022. A Lujiatun-like dinosaurian assemblage from the Jehol Biota of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 67(3):617-621 (https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00975.2022)
↑¹Q. Zhao, P. M. Barrett, and D. A. Eberth. 2007. Social behaviour and mass mortality in the basal ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus (Early Cretaceous, People's Republic of China). Palaeontology 50(5):1023-1029 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00709.x)
↑¹J. Li, Z. Li, and Y. Zhang, Z. Zhou, Z. Bai, L. Zhang, T. Ba. 2008. A new species of Cathayornis from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China and its stratigraphic significance. Acta Geologica Sinica 82(6):1115-1123
↑¹H. F. Osborn. 1930. Ancient vertebrate life of central Asia: discoveries of the central Asiatic expeditions of the Museum of Natural History in the years 1921–1929. Centenaire de la Société géologique de France. Livre jubilaire 1830-1930 2:519-543
↑¹Ł. Czepiński. 2020. New protoceratopsid specimens improve the age correlation of the Upper Cretaceous Gobi Desert strata. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65(3):481-497 (https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00701.2019)
↑¹D. B. Brinkman, D. A. Eberth, and M. J. Ryan, P. Chen. 2001. The occurrence of Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis Sereno and Chow, 1988 in the Urho area, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38:1781-1786 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e01-049)
↑¹K. Tsogtbaatar and T. Chinzorig. 2010. Fossil specimens prepared in Mongolian Paleontological Center: 2002–2008. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:155-166
↑¹T. Tsubamoto, M. Saneyoshi, and K. Tsogtbaatar, T. Chinzorig, P. Khatanbaatar, B. Mainbayar, S. Suzuki. 2010. Report of the HMNS-MPC Joint Paleontological Expedition in 2008. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:29-39
↑^{1 2}M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1993. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:17-29
↑^{1 2}N. N. Kalandadze and S. M. Kurzanov. 1974. Nizhnemelove mestonakhozhdeniya nazemnykh pozvonochnykh Mongolii [Lower Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate localities of Mongolia]. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Faunas and Biostratigraphy of Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions 1:288-295
↑¹V. F. Shuvalov. 1975. Novoe Mestonakhozhdenie rannemelovykh dinozavrov Buylyasutuin-Khuduk [A new locality of Early Cretaceous dinosaurs, Buylyasutuin-Khuduk]. Iskopaemaya Fauna I Flora Mongolii [Fossil Flora and Fauna of Mongolia]. Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, Trudy [The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions] 2:210-213
↑¹S. M. Kurzanov and K. E. Mikhailov. 1989. Dinosaur eggshells from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. Dinosaur Tracks and Traces. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
↑¹N. N. Bakhurina and D. M. Unwin. 1995. a survey of pterosaurs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Historical Biology 10:197-245 (https://doi.org/10.1080/10292389509380522)
↑¹M. Saneyoshi, M. Watabe, and T. Tsubamoto, K. Tsogtbaatar, T. Chinzorig, S. Suzuki. 2010. Report of the HMNS-MPC Joint Paleontological Expedition in 2007. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:19-28
↑^{1 2 3}R. C. Andrews. 1932. The New Conquest of Central Asia: A Narrative of the Explorations of the Central Asiatic Expeditions ni Mongolia and China, 1921-1930. Natural History of Central Asia 1:1-678 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00049183208702085)
↑¹A. H. Turner, S. H. Hwang, and M. A. Norell. 2007. A small derived theropod from Öösh, Early Cretaceous, Baykhangor Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3557:1-27 (https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3557[1:asdtfs]2.0.co;2)
↑^{1 2}V. F. Shuvalov. 1974. O geologicheskom stroenii i vozraste mestonakhozhdenii Khobur i Khuren-Dukh [On the geology and age of the Khobur and Khuren-Dukh localities]. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Faunas and Biostratigraphy of Mongolia; The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions 1:296-304
↑^{1 2 3}A. O. Averianov, S. Leshchinskiy, and P. Skutschas, A. Fayngertz, A. Rezvyi. 2004. Dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Ilek Formation in West Siberia, Russia. Second European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists Meeting, Moravian Museum, Brno. Abstracts of Papers
↑¹A. Averianov, A. Lopatin, and P. Skutschas, S. Leschinsky. 2015. Two new mammal localities within the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation of West Siberia, Russia. Geobios 48:131-136 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2015.02.004)
↑¹A. O. Averianov, A. V. Voronkevich, and S. V. Lechchinskiy, A. Fayngertz. 2006. A ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus sibiricus from the Early Cretaceous of west Siberia, Russia and its phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4(4):359-395 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s1477201906001933)
↑¹A. O. Averianov and A. V. Lopatin. 2023. Dinosaurs of Russia: a review of the localities. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 93(4) (https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331623020090)
↑¹S. Manitkoon, U. Deesri, and P. Warapeang, T. Nonsrirach, P. Chanthasit. 2023. Ornithischian dinosaurs in Southeast Asia: a review with palaeobiogeographic implications. Fossil Record 26(1):1-25 (https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.26.93456)
↑¹E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and S. Khansubha. 2007. The ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus in the Early Cretaceous of southeast Asia: a review of old and recent finds. Proceedings of the International Conference on Geology of Thailand: Towards Sustainable Development and Sufficiency Economy (GEOTHAI'07)