Hell Creek

Publication(s)

La base comprend 186 publication(s).

Source: The Paleobiology Database

• ↑^{1 2} B. Brown. 1908. The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24(12):187-201 (https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01975763)
• ↑^{1 2 3} K. Carpenter. 2004. Redescription of Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908 (Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41:961-986 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e04-043)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16} R. S. Lull and N. E. Wright. 1942. Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40:1-242 (https://doi.org/10.1130/spe40-p1)
• ↑¹ C. W. Gilmore. 1910. Leidyosuchus sternbergii, a new species of crocodile from the Ceratops Beds of Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 38(1762):485-502 (https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.38-1762.485)
• ↑¹ W. P. Coombs. 1978. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Palaeontology 21(1):143-170
• ↑¹ E. Hennig. 1915. Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Pars 9: Stegosauria 1:1-16 (https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112609408)
• ↑^{1 2} V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie. 2016. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14(5):385-444 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985)
• ↑^{1 2 3} V. M. Arbour and J. C. Mallon. 2017. Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris. Facets 2(2):764-794 (https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0063)
• ↑^{1 2} E. B. Giffin, D. L. Gabriel, and R. E. Johnson. 1988. A new pachycephalosaurid skull (Ornithischia) from the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7(4):398-407 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011672)
• ↑¹ R. M. Sullivan. 2003. Revision of the dinosaur Stegoceras Lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):181-207 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2003)23[181:rotdsl]2.0.co;2)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5} A. F. Wroblewski. 2024. Southernmost record of the pachycephalosaurine Stygimoloch spinifer and palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous North American dinosaurs. Lethaia 57(4):1–10 (https://doi.org/10.18261/let.57.4.7)
• ↑^{1 2} R. Estes. 1965. A new fossil salamander from Montana and Wyoming. Copeia 1965(1):90-95 (https://doi.org/10.2307/1441245)
• ↑¹ E. S. Gaffney. 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147(5):245-312
• ↑^{1 2} R. Estes, P. Berberian, and C. A. M. Meszoely. 1969. Lower vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Breviora 337:1-33
• ↑^{1 2} P. M. Galton. 1995. The species of the basal hypsilophodontid dinosaur Thescelosaurus Gilmore (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 198(3):297-311 (https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/198/1995/297)
• ↑¹ J. D. Gardner. 2000. Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of North America. Geodiversitas 22(3):349-388
• ↑^{1 2} R. E. Sloan. 1976. The ecology of dinosaur extinction. Athlon: Essays on Palaeontology in Honor of Loris Shano Russell. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publications
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30} D. L. Lofgren. 1995. The Bug Creek problem and the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition at McGuire Creek, Montana. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 140:1-185
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48} M. T. Carrano. 2005. Fossil Vertebrate Collections, University of California Museum of Paleontology
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22} D. W. Larson and P. J. Currie. 2013. Multivariate analyses of small theropod dinosaur teeth and implications for paleoecological turnover through time. PLoS ONE 8(1):e54329:1-14 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054329)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62} J. D. Archibald. 1982. A study of Mammalia and geology across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Garfield County, Montana. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 122:1-286 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6671(83)90052-6)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15} L. J. Bryant. 1989. Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 134:1-107
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10} M. T. Carrano. 2025. Taxonomic opinions on the Dinosauria.
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13} J. T. Sankey. 2008. Diversity of latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) small theropods and birds: teeth from the Lance and Hell Creek formations, USA. Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11} L. J. Bryant. 1988. A new genus and species of Amiidae (Holostei; Osteichthyes) from the Late Cretaceous of North America, with comments on the phylogeny of the Amiidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7(4):349-361 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011669)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} R. E. Sloan and L. Van Valen. 1965. Cretaceous mammals from Montana. Science 148(3667):220-227 (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.148.3667.220)
• ↑^{1 2 3} J. D. Archibald and W. A. Clemens. 1984. Mammal evolution near the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary. Catastrophes and Earth History: The New Uniformitarianism (https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400853281.339)
• ↑¹ R. C. Fox. 1989. The Wounded Knee local fauna and mammalian evolution near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Saskatchewan, Canada. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 208(1-3):11-59
• ↑¹ S. Hope. 2002. The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes. Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley
• ↑^{1 2 3} K. Carpenter. 1982. Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 20(2):123-134
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} M. T. Greenwald. 1971. The Lower Vertebrates of the Hell Creek Formation, Harding County, South Dakota.
• ↑^{1 2} D. Gabriel and C. Lupton. 1980. Dig-a-Dinosaur. Lore 30(2):24-30
• ↑^{1 2} S. L. Donohue, G. P. Wilson, and B. H. Breithaupt. 2013. Latest Cretaceous multituberculates of the Black Butte Station local fauna (Lance Formation, southwestern Wyoming), with implications for compositional differences among mammalian local faunas of the Western Interior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33(3):677-695 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.745416)
• ↑^{1 2} J. P. Hunter and D. A. Pearson. 1996. First record of Lancian (Late Cretaceous) mammals from the Hell Creek Formation of southwestern North Dakota, USA. Cretaceous Research 17 (https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1996.0034)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148} D. A. Pearson, T. Schaefer, and K. R. Johnson, D. J. Nichols, J. P. Hunter. 2002. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota. The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:145-167 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.145)
• ↑¹ J. R. Hutchinson and L. M. Chiappe. 1998. The first known alvarezsaurid (Theropoda: Aves) from North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3):447-450 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011073)
• ↑¹ M. Wosik, M. B. Goodwin, and D. C. Evans. 2018. A nestling-sized skeleton of Edmontosaurus (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation of northeastern Montana, U.S.A., with an analysis of ontogenetic limb allometry. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (e1398168):1-19 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1398168)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11} D. W. Fowler, J. P. Wilson, and E. A. Freedman Fowler, C. R. Noto, D. Anduza, J. R. Horner. 2020. Trierarchuncus prairiensis gen. et sp. nov., the last alvarezsaurid: Hell Creek Formation (uppermost Maastrichtian), Montana. Cretaceous Research 116:104560 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104560)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7} J. B. Scannella and D. W. Fowler. 2014. A stratigraphic survey of Triceratops localities in the Hell Creek Formation, northeastern Montana (2006–2010). Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas. Geological Society of America Special Paper 503:313-332 (https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2503(12))
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} J. W. Hoganson, J. M. Campbell, and E. C. Murphy. 1994. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Stumpf site, Morton County, North Dakota. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Sciences 48:95
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5} P. V. Ullmann, A. Shaw, and R. Nellermoe, K. J. Lacovara. 2017. Taphonomy of the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site, Corson County, South Dakota. Palaios 32:779-796 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2017.060)
• ↑^{1 2} C. Lupton, D. Gabriel, and R. M. West. 1980. Paleobiology and depositional setting of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate locality, Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 18(2):117-126
• ↑^{1 2} E. D. Cope. 1883. The structure and appearance of a Laramie dinosaurian. American Naturalist 17:774-777
• ↑^{1 2} H. F. Osborn. 1912. Integument of the iguanodont dinosaur Trachodon. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. New Series 1(2):35-544
• ↑^{1 2} R. Chapman and M. K. Brett-Surman. 1990. Morphometric observations on hadrosaurid ornithopods. In K. Carpenter and P. J. Currie (eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511608377.015)
• ↑^{1 2} W. D. Matthew. 1915. Dinosaurs, with Special Reference to the American Museum Collections. American Museum of Natural History, New York
• ↑^{1 2} H. F. Osborn. 1909. The Upper Cretaceous iguanodont dinosaurs. Nature 81:160-162 (https://doi.org/10.1038/081160a0)
• ↑¹ D. B. Weishampel and J. B. Weishampel. 1983. Annotated localities of ornithopod dinosaurs: implications to Mesozoic paleobiogeography. The Mosasaur 1:43-87
• ↑¹ E. D. Cope. 1884. On the structure of the skull in Diclonius mirabilis, a Laramie dinosaurian. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 32:315-316
• ↑^{1 2} F. D. Holland, Jr. 1997. A North Dakota Triceratops skull. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 32(1):37-50
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} H. F. Osborn. 1910. Department of Vertebrate Palaeontology. Forty-First Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History for the Year 1909
• ↑¹ B. Brown. 1933. A gigantic ceratopsian dinosaur, Triceratops maximus, new species. American Museum Novitates 649:1-9
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} R. S. Lull. 1933. A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3(3):1-175 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5716)
• ↑^{1 2} J. H. Ostrom and P. Wellnhofer. 1986. The Munich specimen of Triceratops with a revision of the genus. Zitteliana 14:111-158
• ↑^{1 2} R. E. Molnar. 1978. A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of central Montana. Journal of Paleontology 52(1):73-82
• ↑¹ T. M. Lehman and K. Carpenter. 1990. A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 64(6):1026-1032 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019843)
• ↑¹ R. E. Molnar and K. Carpenter. 1989. The Jordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U.S.A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon. Géobios 22(4):445-454 (https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(89)80098-1)
• ↑^{1 2} G. S. Paul. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon & Schuster, New York
• ↑^{1 2} T. D. Carr and T. E. Williamson. 2004. Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142:479-523 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00130.x)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} J. R. Horner and D. Lessem. 1993. The Complete T. rex (https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/40-4-560)
• ↑¹ M. Odano. 1978. Tyrannosaurus rex and the amateurs. Terra 17(2):16-23
• ↑^{1 2} J. W. Hoganson. 1997. Triceratops skull exhibited at North Dakota Heritage Center. North Dakota Geological Society Newsletter 24(1):24-25
• ↑^{1 2} R. Gould, R. Larson, and R. Nellermoe. 2003. An allometric study comparing metatarsal II's in Edmontosaurus from a low-diversity hadrosaur bone bed in Corson Co., S. D. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3, suppl.):56A
• ↑¹ R. Larson, R. Nellermoe, and R. Gould. 2003. A study of theropod teeth from a low-species-density hadrosaur bone bed in the lower Hell Creek Formation in Corson Co., S.D. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3, suppl.):70A-71A
• ↑¹ P. V. Ullmann, S. H. Pandhya, and R. Nellermoe. 2019. Patterns of soft tissue and cellular preservation in relation to fossil bone tissue structure and overburden depth at the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site, Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota, USA. Cretaceous Research 99:1-13 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.012)
• ↑¹ P. V. Ullmann, D. E. Grandstaff, and R. D. Ash, K. J. Lacovara. 2020. Geochemical taphonomy of the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site: exploring links between rare earth elements and cellular and soft tissue preservation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 269:223-237 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.10.030)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11} W. W. Stein. 2019. Taking count: a census of dinosaur fossils recovered from the Hell Creek and Lance formations (Maastrichtian). The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.2019:01:1-42
• ↑^{1 2 3} P. M. Galton and H.-D. Sues. 1983. New data on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20(3):462-472 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e83-043)
• ↑^{1 2} B. Brown and E. M. Schlaikjer. 1943. A study of the troödont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 82(5):115-150
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5} G. J. Retallack. 1994. A pedotype approach to latest Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary paleosols in eastern Montana. Geological Society America Bulletin 106(11):1377-1397 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1377:APATLC>2.3.CO;2)
• ↑^{1 2 3} K. R. Johnson. 2002. Megaflora of the Hell Creek and lower Fort Union Formations in the western Dakotas: Vegetational response to climate change, the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event, and rapid marine transgression. The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the northern Great Plains: An integrated continental record of the end of the Cretaceous. 361:329-391 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.329)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} G. S. Paul, W. S. Persons, and J. Van Raalte. 2022. The tyrant lizard king, queen and emperor: multiple lines of morphological and stratigraphic evidence support subtle evolution and probable speciation within the North American genus Tyrannosaurus. Evolutionary Biology 49(2):156-179 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5)
• ↑¹ D. A. Russell and M. Triebold. 1995. An associated skeleton of a large pachycephalosaur from the Hell Creek Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):51A
• ↑^{1 2} R. M. Sullivan, S. E. Jasinski, and M. P. A. Van Tomme. 2011. A new caenagnathid Ojoraptorsaurus boerei, n. gen., n. sp. (Dinosauria, Oviraptorosauria), from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
• ↑^{1 2 3} M. C. Lamanna, H.-D. Sues, and E. R. Schachner, T. R. Lyson. 2014. A New large-bodied oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of western North America. PLoS ONE 9(3):e92022:1-16 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092022)
• ↑¹ K. Tsujimura, M. Manabe, and Y. Chiba, T. Tsuihiji. 2021. Metatarsals of a large caenagnathid cf. Anzu wyliei (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Hell Creek Formation in South Dakota, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0171)
• ↑^{1 2} W. J. Morris. 1976. Hypsilophodont dinosaurs: a new species and comments on their systematics. in Churcher, C.S. (ed.), Athlon: Essays in Honor of Loris Shano Russell. Royal Ontario Museum Special Publication
• ↑^{1 2} P. M. Galton. 1997. Cranial anatomy of the basal hypsilophodontid dinosaur Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève 16(1):231-258
• ↑^{1 2} C. A. Boyd, C. M. Brown, and R. D. Scheetz, J. A. Clarke. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3):758-770 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0328)
• ↑^{1 2 3} P. M. Galton. 1974. Notes on Thescelosaurus, a conservative ornithopod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, with comments on ornithopod classification. Journal of Paleontology 48(5):1048-1067
• ↑^{1 2} M. B. Goodwin and R. E. Johnson. 1995. A new skull of the pachycephalosaur Stygimoloch casts doubt on head butting behavior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):32A
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} M. B. Goodwin, E. A. Buccholtz, and R. E. Johnson. 1998. Cranial anatomy and diagnosis of Stygimoloch spinifer (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) with comments on cranial display structures in agonistic behavior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(2):363-375 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011064)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8} M. B. Goodwin. 1989. New occurrences of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs from the Hell Creek Formation, Garfield County, Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9(3, suppl.):23A
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} H. F. Osborn. 1909. Extinct mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes. Fortieth Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History for the Year 1908
• ↑¹ H. F. Osborn. 1916. Skeletal adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35(43):733-771
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} R. E. Molnar. 1991. The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 217(4-6):137-176
• ↑¹ E. Stromer. 1936. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. VII. Baharîje-Kessel und -Stufe mit deren Fauna und Flora. Eine ergänzende Zusammenfassung [Results of the expeditions of Professor E. Stromer in the Egyptian deserts. VII. Baharîje basin and layer with their fauna and flora. A complementary summary]. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 7:1-102
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10} B. R. Erickson. 2017. History of the ceratopsian dinosaur Triceratops in the Science Museum of Minnesota, 1960–present. The Science Museum of Minnesota, Monograph (Paleontology) 12:1-37
• ↑^{1 2 3} J. S. McIntosh. 1981. Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18:1-67 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.228597)
• ↑^{1 2 3} H. F. Osborn. 1933. Mounted skeleton of Triceratops elatus. American Museum Novitates 654:1-14
• ↑^{1 2} W. L. Rohrer and R. Konizeski. 1960. On the occurrence of Edmontosaurus in the Hell Creek formation of Montana. Journal of Paleontology 34(3):464-466
• ↑^{1 2} E. H. Colbert and J. D. Bump. 1947. A skull of Torosaurus from South Dakota and a revision of the genus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 99:93-106
• ↑¹ Anonymous. 1948. The fossil skull of the horned dinosaur Torosaurus. Frontiers 12(3):91
• ↑^{1 2} E. A. CoBabe and D. E. Fastovsky. 1987. Ugrosaurus olsoni, a new ceratopsian (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Hell Creek Formation of eastern Montana. Journal of Paleontology 61(1):148-154 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000028298)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} E. B. Giffin. 1989. Notes on pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia). Journal of Paleontology 63(4):525-529 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019739)
• ↑¹ R. M. Sullivan. 2000. Prenocephale edmontonensis (Brown and Schlaikjer) new comb. and P. brevis (Lambe) new comb. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17:177-190
• ↑¹ T. E. Williamson and T. D. Carr. 2003. A new genus of derived pachycephalosaurian from western North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(4):779-801 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0779:angodp]2.0.co;2)
• ↑¹ D. C. Woodruff, M. B. Goodwin, and T. R. Lyson, D. C. Evans. 2021. Ontogeny and variation of the pachycephalosaurine dinosaur Sphaerotholus buchholtzae, and its systematics within the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193(2):563-601 (https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa179)
• ↑^{1 2} C. W. Gilmore. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106(13):1-19
• ↑¹ D. A. Russell. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology 1:1-34 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031)
• ↑¹ R. T. Bakker, M. Williams, and P. J. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1(5):1-30
• ↑¹ T. D. Carr. 1999. Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(3):497-520 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011161)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} M. B. Goodwin and J. R. Horner. 1997. Morphological variation and ontogeny in the skull of Triceratops. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3, suppl.):49A
• ↑¹ M. B. Goodwin, W. A. Clemens, and J. R. Horner, K. Padian. 2006. The smallest known Triceratops skull: new observations on ceratopsid cranial anatomy and ontogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1):103-112 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[103:tsktsn]2.0.co;2)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7} M. B. Goodwin and J. R. Horner. 2010. Historical collecting bias and the fossil record of Triceratops in Montana. New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5} J. R. Horner and M. B. Goodwin. 2008. Ontogeny of canial epi-ossifications in Triceratops. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1):134-144 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[134:ooceit]2.0.co;2)
• ↑¹ M. B. Goodwin and J. R. Horner. 2014. Cranial morphology of a juvenile Triceratops skull from the Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana, with comments on the fossil record of ontogenetically younger skulls. Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas. Geological Society of America Special Paper 503:333-347 (https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2503(13))
• ↑^{1 2} W. J. Morris. 1970. Hadrosaurian dinosaur bills—morphology and function. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science 193:1-14 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.241180)
• ↑^{1 2} Anonymous. 1907. Department of Vertebrate Palaeontology; field expeditions of 1906. The American Museum Journal 7(1):6-8
• ↑^{1 2} E. Daeschler and A. R. Fiorillo. 1989. Rediscovery of fossil material at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia from Edward Drinker Cope's 1893 expedition to the Dakotas. The Mosasaur 4:143-148
• ↑^{1 2} R. T. Bakker, R. M. Sullivan, and V. Porter, P. Larson, S. J. Saulsbury. 2006. Dracorex hogwartsia, n. gen., n. sp., a spiked, flat-headed pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota. Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:331-345
• ↑^{1 2 3} D. J. Varricchio. 2001. Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Theropoda) dinosaurs from Montana. D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington
• ↑¹ G. F. Funston, P. J. Currie, and M. E. Burns. 2016. New elmisaurine specimens from North America and their relationship to the Mongolian Elmisaurus rarus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61(1):159-173 (https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00129.2014)
• ↑^{1 2} M. D. Henderson and J. E. Peterson. 2006. An azhdarchid pterosaur cervical vertebra from the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian) of southeastern Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1):192-195 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[192:aapcvf]2.0.co;2)
• ↑^{1 2} A. R. Tabrum. 1970. Comments on new tyrannosaurid material from Montana. 1970 Meeting of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Bulletin of the Southern California Paleontological Society 2(6):6
• ↑¹ R. E. Molnar. 1980. An albertosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Journal of Paleontology 54(1):102-108
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} B. Brown. 1907. The Hell Creek Beds of the Upper Cretaceous of Montana: their relation to contiguous deposits, with faunal and floral lists and a discussion of their correlation. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23(33):823-845
• ↑¹ J. S. Anderson. 1999. Occipital condyle in the ceratopsian Triceratops, with comments on body size variation. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(8):215-231
• ↑^{1 2} W. P. Wall and P. M. Galton. 1979. Notes on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from North America, with comments on their status as ornithopods. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16:1176-1186 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e79-104)
• ↑¹ M. T. Carrano. 2015. Fossil Vertebrate Collections, Carnegie Museum of Natural History
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} C. J. Ott. 2007. Cranial anatomy and biogeography of the first Leptoceratops gracilis (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) specimens from the Hell Creek Formation, southeast Montana. Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs
• ↑^{1 2} Anonymous. 1905. Department of Vertebrate Paleontology. The American Museum Journal 5(1):9-11
• ↑^{1 2} P. S. Hill. 1983. Haystack Butte surrenders terrible lizard. American West 20(2):22-29
• ↑¹ P. R. Bjork. 1985. Preliminary report on the Ruby Site bone bed, Upper Cretaceous South Dakota. Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, Abstracts with Programs 17(4):209
• ↑^{1 2} F. A. Lucas. 1900. Paleontological notes. Thespesius versus Claosaurus. A new locality for Thespesius. The dermal covering of Thespesius. The dentition of Basilosaurus cetoides. The hyoid of Basilosaurus. The cranial cavity of Basilosaurus. Science 12(308):809-810
• ↑¹ J. B. Hatcher. 1901. Some new and little known fossil vertebrates. Annals of Carnegie Museum 1(1):128-144 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.247228)
• ↑¹ R. L. Moodie. 1926. Studies in paleopathology [second series, II]. Excess callus following fracture of the fore foot in a Cretaceous dinosaur. Annals of Medical History 8:73-77
• ↑¹ J. Versluys. 1910. Streptostylie bei Dinosauriern, nebst Bemerkungen über die Verwandtschaft der Vögel und Dinosaurier [Streptostyly in dinosaurs, along with remarks on the relationship of birds and dinosaurs]. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 30:175-260
• ↑^{1 2} J. W. Hoganson. 2008. Dakota: a mummified dinosaur. North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources Newsletter 35(2):1-3
• ↑¹ V. Vajda, T. R. Lyson, and A. Bercovici, J. H. Doman, D. A. Pearson. 2013. A snapshot into the terrestrial ecosystem of an exceptionally well- preserved dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Dakota, USA. Cretaceous Research 46:114-122 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.08.010)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} L. E. Wilson. 2008. Comparative taphonomy and paleoecological reconstruction of two microvertebrate accumulations from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), eastern Montana. Palaios 23:289-297 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2007.p07-006r)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} T. E. Williamson, T. D. Carr, and S. A. Williams, K. Tremaine. 2009. Early ontogeny of pachycephalosaurine squamosals as revealed by juvenile specimens from the Hell Creek Formation, eastern Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):291-294 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0111)
• ↑^{1 2} J. C. Mathews, S. L. Brusatte, and S. A. Williams, M. D. Henderson. 2009. The first Triceratops bonebed and its implications for gregarious behavior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):286-290 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0126)
• ↑^{1 2} C. J. Ott and P. L. Larson. 2010. A new, small ceratopsian dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, northwest South Dakota, United States: a preliminary description. New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
• ↑^{1 2} E. S. Riggs. 1906. The carapace and plastron of Basilemys sinuosus, a new fossil tortoise from the Laramie Beds of Montana. Field Columbia Museum Publication, Geological Series 2(7):249-256 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3563)
• ↑^{1 2 3} O. P. Hay. 1908. The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75:1-568 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.21745)
• ↑^{1 2} W. Brasley. 1903. A remarkable fossil discovery. Scientific American 89(5):87 (https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican08011903-87)
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• ↑¹ R. S. Lull. 1903. Skull of Triceratops serratus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 19:685-695
• ↑^{1 2} W. G. Joyce and T. R. Lyson. 2011. New material of Gilmoremys lancensis nov. comb. (Testudines: Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation and the diagnosis of plastomenid turtles. Journal of Paleontology 5(3):422-459 (https://doi.org/10.1666/10-127.1)
• ↑¹ T. R. Lyson and W. G. Joyce. 2009. A new species of Palatobaena (Testudines: Baenidae) and a maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Baenidae. Journal of Paleontology 83(3):457-470 (https://doi.org/10.1666/08-172.1)
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• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33} P. A. Holroyd and J. H. Hutchison. 2002. Patterns of geographic variation in latest Cretaceous vertebrates: evidence from the turtle component. Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:177-190 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.177)
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• ↑¹ Y. Rollot, T. R. Lyson, and W. G. Joyce. 2018. A Description of the Skull of Eubaena cephalica (Hay, 1904) and New Insights into the Cranial Circulation and Innervation of Baenid Turtles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1474886:1-11 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1474886)
• ↑^{1 2} W. J. Holland. 1905. Section of Paleontology. Annual Report of the Director for the Year Ending March 31, 1905
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11} T. W. Stanton. 1909. The age and stratigraphic relationships of the "Ceratops beds" of Wyoming and Montana. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 11(3):239-293
• ↑^{1 2} D. G. DeMar, Jr. 2013. A new fossil salamander (Caudata, Proteidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation, Montana, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33(3):588-598
• ↑^{1 2} D. C. Evans, D. W. Larson, and P. J. Currie. 2013. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest Cretaceous of North America. Naturwissenshaften 100:1041-1049 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1107-5)
• ↑¹ M. B. Goodwin and D. C. Evans. 2016. The early expression of squamosal horns and parietal ornamentation confirmed by new end-stage juvenile Pachycephalosaurus fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(2):e1078343:1-8 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1078343)
• ↑¹ T. M. Cullen, D. J. Simon, and E. K. C. Benner, D. C. Evans. 2020. Morphology and osteohistology of a large‐bodied caenagnathid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) from the Hell Creek Formation (Montana): implications for size‐based classifications and growth reconstruction in theropods. Papers in Palaeontology (https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1302)
• ↑¹ D. C. Woodruff, R. K. Schott, and D. C. Evans. 2023. Two new species of small-bodied pachycephalosaurine (Dinosauria, Marginocephalia) from the uppermost Cretaceous of North America suggest hidden diversity in well-sampled formations. Papers in Palaeontology 9(6):e1535 (https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1535)
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• ↑¹ A. E. Roberts. 1972. Cretaceous and early Tertiary depositional and tectonic history of the Livingston area, southwestern Montana. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 526-C:1-120 (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp526c)
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• ↑^{1 2 3 4} T. S. Kelly. 2014. Preliminary report on the mammals form Lane's Little Jaw Site Quarry: a latest Cretaceous (earliest Puercan?) local fauna, Hell Creek Formation, southeastern Montana. Paludicola 10(1):50-91
• ↑^{1 2} W. G. Joyce, T. R. Lyson, and S. Williams. 2016. New cranial material of Gilmoremys lancensis (Testudines, Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation of southeastern Montana, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6):e1225748:1-10 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1225748)
• ↑^{1 2} Anonymous. 1958. Triceratops at home 80,000,000 years ago—and in Birmingham today. The Illustrated London News 232(6197):439
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• ↑^{1 2} F. H. Knowlton. 1909. The stratigraphic relations and paleontology of the "Hell Creek beds," Ceratops beds" and equivalents, and their reference to the Fort Union Formation. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 11(3):179-238
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• ↑^{1 2} M. H. Armitage and K. L. Anderson. 2013. Soft sheets of fibrillar bone from a fossil of the supraorbital horn of the dinosaur Triceratops horridus. Acta Histochemica 115:603-608 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2013.01.001)
• ↑^{1 2} P. E. Fisher, D. A. Russell, and M. K. Stoskopf, R. E. Barrick, M. Hammer, A. A. Kuzmitz. 2000. Cardiovascular evidence for an intermediate or higher metabolism in an ornithischian dinosaur. Science 288:503-505 (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5465.503)
• ↑¹ T. P. Cleland, M. K. Stoskopf, and M. H. Schweitzer. 2011. Histological, chemical, and morphological reexamination of the "heart" of a small Late Cretaceous Thescelosaurus. Naturwissenschaften 98(3):203-211 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-010-0760-1)
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• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15} W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
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