Horseshoe Canyon
Description
Source: Wikipédia
La formation de Horseshoe Canyon (en français : canyon en fer à cheval) fait partie du groupe d'Edmonton, une formation stratigraphique datant de la fin du Crétacé supérieur (Campanien et Maastrichtien inférieur). Elle se trouve à 17 km au sud-ouest de Drumheller près de la ville d'Edmonton dans l'ouest du Canada. Elle a un diamètre d'environ 3 km et une épaisseur de 230 m. La formation de Horseshoe Canyon se compose de mudstones, de grès et d'argiles riches en charbons. On y retrouve un nombre important d'anciens milieux qui s'y sont succédé comme des plaines inondables, des estuaires et des tourbières et qui ont abouti à la conservation d'une grande diversité de fossiles.
Elle s'étale largement dans la région de Drumheller ainsi que plus au nord, le long de la rivière Red Deer près de Trochu et vers la ville d'Edmonton. Elle est recouverte par les formations de Battle, Whitemud et Scollard.
La zone charbonneuse de Drumheller, située dans la partie inférieure de la Formation est le principal intérêt économique de la région. Dans la zone située entre Pacha et Rockyford, le charbon est relativement peu profond (à environ 300 mètres) avec une épaisseur cumulée de charbon de 10 à 20 mètres distribués dans une épaisseur de 70 à 120 mètres. Au total, on estime qu'il y a 14 000 milliards de mètres cubes de gaz pouvant être tirés de tout le charbon de l'Alberta.
Les dinosaures découverts dans cette formation géologique comprennent les genres Albertosaurus, Anchiceratops, Arrhinoceratops, Atrociraptor, Chirostenotes, Dromiceiomimus, Edmontonia, Edmontosaurus, Euoplocephalus, Hypacrosaurus, Ornithomimus, Pachyrhinosaurus, Parksosaurus, Saurolophus, Stegoceras, Struthiomimus et Troodon. Des fossiles de mammifères comme Didelphodon coyi, des reptiles, des amphibiens, des poissons, des invertébrés marins et terrestres ainsi que des plantes y ont également été découverts. La rareté de fossiles de reptiles comme les tortues et les crocodiles pourrait être dû au fait que le climat était relativement frais à l'époque.
Découvertes
Source: The Paleobiology Database
Site(s) correspondant(s) à cette formation: 972 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 4205 12319 18609 46759 54104 66472 70928 77259
section 12?, township 33, range 22, W 4th meridian; 150 feet above east bank of Red Deer River, 2 miles below Tolman Ferry2.5 miles above Bleriot ferry, Red Deer River (ROM) : Alberta - ? 4205 12347 62727 65460 70928 77927
section 27 or 34, township 30, range 21, W 4th meridian. 100 feet above west bank of Red Deer River. 2.5 miles above Bleriot ferry (possibly from Kneehills Creek)Kneehills Creek, GSC (NMC 5600) : Alberta - ? 4205 4218 9259 17541 18609 25123 25133 52721 52782 62727 63197 63224 65460 70928 77927 77956 78202
section 11?, township 29, range 21, W. 4th meridian; approximately 100 feet above Red Deer River about 2 mi upstream from mouth of Kneehills Creek (tributary of Red Deer River). Possibly from Kirkpatrick Coulee, near the Dunphy cemeteryDrumheller, Red Deer River (NMC Loc. 5) : Alberta - ? 4205 70928
section 35?, township 28, range 20, W. 4th meridian. West bank of Red Deer River near DrumhellerSouth bank of Red Deer River, upstream of Tolman Bridge : Alberta - ? 4205 70928 76179 77927
SW 1/8 of section 20, township 34, range 21, W. 4th meridian; 150 feet above south bank of Red Deer River; near Scollard, AB, upriver from Tolman Bridge.12 miles north of Morrin (70 ft level) : Alberta - ? 7884 12314 52782 62727
sec. 8, T32, R21, W 4th principal meridian, on the W side of and 70 feet above the Red Deer River. About 12 miles N (or NW) of Morrin, AT, approximately the same locality as for the types of Anchiceratops ornatus Brown 1914.Drumheller bone bed, Munson Ferry (80 ft level) : Alberta - ? 4218 9231 14096 17034 32668 48570
1.5 miles S of Munson Ferry on Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta. SW corner of subdivision 6, section 10, T30, R21, W of 4th meridian. Approx. 9.5 miles NW of Drumheller. Horizon is about 80 ft. above river. (Also described as near Bleriot Ferry, about 10 km NW of RTMP.)- Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
- Edmontosaurus
- Albertosaurus
- Pachyrhinosaurus
- Troodon
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
9 miles southwest of Morrin (100 ft level) [NMC] : Alberta - ? 10410 12105 52782 60140 62727 62882 77056
W side of Red Deer River, 100 feet above river, 9 miles SW of Morrin, Alberta; section 34, T30, R21, W 4th meridian8 miles southwest of Morrin (90 ft level) [NMC] : Alberta - ? 12107 46759 62882 64040 66472
Sec 5 (Lambe lists sec. 3), T31, R21, W of 4th meridian; 90 ft above Red Deer River, 8 miles SW of Morrin, opposite Neil's ranch house on the river- Anodontosaurus lambei
- Hadrosauridae identifié comme Trachodontidae indet.
2 miles below Bleriot ferry (125 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 10409 10410 12105 52782 60140 62727 77056
at a point on the E side of the Red Deer River, 2 miles below Bleriot Ferry, 125 feet (aneroid) above the river; listed as section 3?, T30, R21, W 4th meridian by Russell (1972).- Dromiceiomimus brevitertius identifié comme Struthiomimus brevetertius n. sp.
Rumsey Ferry road (100 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 12971 19270 31494 62727 79160 85876
ca. 0.5 miles from Red Deer River, E side, immediately S of road to Rumsey Ferry, 100 feet above river- Parksosaurus warreni identifié comme Thescelosaurus warreni n. sp.
5 miles above Tolman Ferry, (150 ft level) [GSC] : Alberta - ? 12319 17548 62727
sec 11, T34, R22, W 4th meridian; W side of Red Deer River, about 5 miles above Tolman Ferry, 150 ft above river level. Site is about 27 mi above the mouth of Three Hills Creek, and 8 mi W and somewhat N of Rumsey on the line of the Canadian Northern Railway7 miles northwest of Morrin Bridge (90 ft level) [GSC] : Alberta - ? 12319 13664 17549 54992 62882
sec 16, T31, R21, W 4th meridian; 7 miles (11 km) NW of Morrin, just N of Morrin Bridge, W side of Red Deer River, 90 ft (ca. 30 m) above water levelmouth of Three Hills Creek, Horsethief Canyon (200 ft level) : Alberta - ? 12319 13664 17549 52782 54992 62727
Red Deer River, opposite mouth of Three Hills Creek (Threehills Creek), 200 ft (ca. 60 m) above river level, S end of Horsethief Canyon3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (175 ft level) : Alberta - ? 12314 13878
3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, 53.4 m above river level, E bank3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (100 ft level) : Alberta - ? 12319 13878 17480 17500 58800 62727 66472
approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 100 ft above riverRed Deer River (145 ft level) [NMC] : Alberta - ? 10410 60140 77056
sec 28, T31, R21, W 4th meridian, approx. 44 m above W bank of Red Deer River1.5 miles below Munson Ferry (200 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 10410 14110 15490 60140 77056
section 10?, T30, R21, W 4th meridian, approx. 61 m above E bank of Red Deer River; 1.5 mi below Munson Ferry4 miles northwest of Scollard, Red Deer River (NMC) : Alberta - ? 10410 62727 77056
NE 1/4, section 38, T34, R21, W 4th meridian; 55 m above E bank of Red Deer River, ca. 4 mi NW of Scollard, now in Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial ParkBig Valley (AMNH 5201) : Alberta - ? 10410 12319 63399 77056
section 19?, T34, R21, W 4th meridian; approx. 9 m above W bank of Red Deer River, opposite mouth of Big Valley7 miles below Tolman Ferry (40 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 10410 12314 12319 60140 63399
section 18?, T32, R21, W 4th meridian; approx. 12 m (40 ft) above W bank of Red Deer River, 7 mi below Tolman Ferry1 mile below Munson Ferry (100 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 10410 14110 52782 60140 62727 77056
1 mi below Munson Ferry, E side of Red Deer River, 100 ft above water level; section 10?, T30, R21, W 4th meridian2.4 km south of Steveville ferry [NMC] : Alberta - ? 10410
2.4 km S of Steveville ferry crossing, Dinosaur Provincial Parkcoal mine near Willow Creek : Alberta - ? 14144
Extracted from a coal mine in the Red Deer River valley near Drumheller, but exact provenance is unknown.Battle River, TMP : Alberta - ? 14144
North of Stettler along Battle RiverAlbertosaurus Bonebed, Dry Island Buffalo Jump : Alberta - ? 14866 29124 43426 43942 48570 62727 63399 64427 70928 76532 77772 77927 77956 78037 78157 94047
Coordinates taken from collection # 52468, near Dry Island, Alberta- Albertosaurus sarcophagus
- Tyrannosauridae
- Albertonykus borealis
- Hypacrosaurus altispinus
- Ornithomimidae
- Atrociraptor marshalli
- Troodon
- Ceratopsidae
- Ankylosauridae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Avialae
- Saurornitholestinae
- Paronychodon
- Thescelosauridae
RTMP L2000, Horsethief Canyon : Alberta - ? 17404 48570 84397 89296
Horsethief Canyon, near Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley- Paronychodon
- Richardoestesia
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Albertavenator curriei
- Tyrannosauridae
- Hadrosauridae
- Ceratopsidae
- Ankylosauridae
5 miles south of Tolman Bridge (RTMP) : Alberta - ? 17500
SW 1/4, sec 30, T32, R21, W 4th meridian; about 5 mi (8.05 km) S of Tolman Bridgesouthwest of Morrin [GSC] : Alberta - ? 12314
SW of MorrinBonebed HC 1, Midland Provincial Park (RTMP) : Alberta - ? 9254 84517
Midland Provincial Park; LSD 11, sec 17, T29, R20, W 4th meridianTolman Ferry, Red Deer River (AMNH) : Alberta - ? 12319 18614 52782 54104 54988 58800 62727 63399 77258
Red Deer River, Tolman Ferry4 miles above Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 9647 12319 52782 63399 82702
4 miles (6 km) above (north of) Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, Alberta; 50 ft above river; ca. 15 km E of Trochu, E side of river.
Relocated by L. S. Russell and given as LSD 8, sec. 2, T34, R22, W 4th meridian.16 miles below Tolman Ferry (70 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 9647 12319 63399
16 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, 70 ft above river7 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12314 12319 18646 62727 63399
Red Deer River, 7 mi below Tolman Ferry, 5o ft above river10 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12314 17480 17494 18646 46759 63399 66472
W bank, Red Deer River, approx. 10 mi below Tolman Ferry, 150 ft above river. ?sec 32, T31, R21. Close to type locality of Leurospondylus ultimus.Tolman Ferry, left bank Red Deer River (AMNH) : Alberta - ? 12319 18646 63399
left bank of Red Deer River, Tolman FerryNeill's Ranch, Red Deer River (125 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 12314 19269 49058 52782 62727
on the Red Deer River, opposite Neill's Ranch, 6 mi. W and 3 mi above (N of) Bleriot Ferry, 125 ft above riverPrehistoric Park [RTMP] : Alberta - ? 76810
on the south side of the Red Deer River in badlands adjacent to an industrial park. PP refers to a now-abandoned outdoor recreational facility that once included dinosaur and other “sculptures” positioned along trails set in the badlands- Edmontosaurus regalis
- Ornithischia
- Tyrannosauridae
- Troodontidae
- Dromaeosauridae
- Ceratopsidae
- Hadrosauridae
- Dinosauria
Eotriceratops type, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincal Park : Alberta - ? 25471
near W bank of Red Deer River, in NE section of Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincal Park, about 70 km NW of DrumhellerDanek Bonebed (TMP L2379) : Alberta - ? 25756 70521 76767 78157 80623 87547 87549
Danek Bonebed, in south-suburban Edmonton, along the banks of Whitemud Creek (according to news reports)- Saurornitholestes
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus
- Edmontosaurus regalis
- Saurolophus
- Anchiceratops ornatus
- Ornithomimidae
- Ceratopsidae
- Troodon
7 miles northwest of Morrin (20 ft level) [NMC] : Alberta - ? 7748 26781 52782 62727
7 mi NW of Morrin, 20 ft above Red Deer River; sec 28, T31, R21, W 4th meridian5 km west of Royal Tyrrell Museum : Alberta - ? 31419 48570 77956
5 km W of the Royal Tyrrell Museum; UTM 12U, 372125 E, 5708055 NFox Coulee Quarry : Alberta - ? 4218 46759 66472 76810
Fox Coulee, about 3 km E of the RTMP. LSD 14-16-29-20W4; on E side of the abandoned railroad right-of-way in Midland Provincial Park. Listed in Bogner et al. 2005: 2001 Day Digs Site, 12U0377631 UTM 5704236; Dominion Land Survey SW 1/4-2-16-29-20-W4MRosedale : Alberta - ? 32668 48570
"near Rosedale," Alberta, CanadaCambria : Alberta - ? 32668 52782 60140 77956
sec 4, T28N, R19W, 4th meridian; near Cambria, E of Drumheller, AlbertaRTMP L1508, 7.5 miles southwest of Rumsey : Alberta - ? 12314 33793
E side of Red Deer River, 10.3 km (7.5 mi.)SW of Rumsey; NW 1/4, sec 6, T33, R21, W 4th meridianTMP NL-4 : Alberta - ? 43426
Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, AlbertaTMP NL-3 : Alberta - ? 43426
Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, AlbertaTMP NL-1 : Alberta - ? 43426 85876 89296
Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, Alberta; Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, 19 km northwest of Trochu (and 9 mi N of type locality for Parksosaurus)TMP JD-1 : Alberta - ? 43426
Coordinates taken from collection #52468, near Dry Island, AlbertaJohn Neills Ranch (75 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 10410 16613 44515 44658 52782 77956 79485
1/4 mi. above John Neills Ranch, above 75 ft (23 m) above of river flat (E bank), equivalent to sec 34, T 30, R 21, W of 4th meridianCalmar : Alberta - ? 48570
near CalmarRosebud Creek : Alberta - ? 46759 66472
Rosebud Creek, S12 T027N R22W 04; UTM = 12; 362800; 568400016 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) : Alberta - ? 12319 63399 77258
16 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, 50 ft above riverDunphy, Kneehills Creek (RTMP L1517) : Alberta - ? 48570 70928
near Dunphy, along Kneehills Creek. TMP database: sec. 14, T29N, R21W, W 4th meridian. UTM: 12U 370641, 5704817Morrin Bridge : Alberta - ? 48570 70928 84517
near Morrin Bridge. TRMP database for Albertosaurus specimen: sec. 34, T30N, R21W, W 4th meridian.Whitemud Creek : Alberta - ? 48570
Whitemud CreekCarbon : Alberta - ? 48570
near CarbonSki Hill, Drumheller : Alberta - ? 48570 78157
sec 9, T29N, R20W, 4th meridian; Drumheller -Ski Hill8 miles upriver from Devon bridge : Alberta - ? 49055
8 mi. upriver from Devon bridge, N bacnk of North Saskatchewan River. Ceratopsian specimen from 0.25 mi. upriver.Day Digs trail, Bleriot ferry, Red Deer River (RTMP) : Alberta - ? 46759 66472
Bleriot Ferry, Drumheller Valley; Horsethief Canyon, northern portion, along trail to TMP Day Digs bonebed excavation1.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (30 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 17500 46759 66472
1.5 mi. below (listed as 0.5 miles above in later papers) Tolman Ferry, left bank, 30 ft. above rivernear mouth of Berry Creek (AMNH) : Alberta - ? 46759 54104 63399 66472
Near mouth of Berry CreekNeal's Ranch, 7 miles southwest of Morrin (75 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 46759 62882 66472
opposite Neal’s ranch, sec. 10, T. 31, R. 21. Found 7 mi SW of Morrin, about 75 ft above the water.Three Hills Locality (TMP) : Alberta - ? 46759 66472
Three Hills Locality, Three Hills Creek, S16 T020N R22W 04; UTM = 12: 359755; 5714550; Three Hills Creek, downstream from HWY 836 intersection with creek.Joe's place, 7 miles northwest of Morrin (50 ft level) : Alberta - ? 17500 46759 62882 66472
7 mi. W, 2 mi. N of Morrin, Alta, sec. 28, T. 31, R. 21, on old Joe’s place…E side of river about 50 ft above the water.”; “2 mi up river from Starland Rec Area (east side)”2.5 miles above Munson Ferry (75 ft level) [ROM] : Alberta - ? 12314 51409 62727
“Found 2.5 miles above Munson [Bleriot] Ferry on west side of [Red Deer] river, about 75 feet [22.86 m] above the river” (field notes of L. Sternberg 1931, ROM). Probably equivalent to earlier description as "6 miles west and 3 miles north of Munson on the west side of the river" (Lull 1933).Keho Lake tracksite : Alberta - Lethbridge 54846
west side of Keho Lake, T11, R23, W 4th meridian; SW Alberta. Footprint and skeletal material found < 46 m apart.3 km west of RTMP : Alberta - ? 60057
3 km W of RTMP; UTM 12U 374600, 57059508.5 miles northwest of Munson (180 ft level) : Alberta - ? 63708 63812
sec. 33, T30, R21, W 4th meridian; 8.5 mi. NW of Munson, 180 ft. above river8 miles below Tolman Ferry (60 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 10410 12314 77056
section 8?, T32, R21, W 4th meridian; approx. 18 m (60 ft) above W bank of Red Deer River, 8 mi below Tolman Ferrywest bank, Red Deer River (111 ft level) [NMC] : Alberta - ? 10410
34 m above W bank, Red Deer River; sec 33, T30, R21, W 4th meridian7 miles below Tolman Ferry (36 ft level) [NMC] : Alberta - ? 10410
section 18, T32, R21, W 4th meridian; approx. 11 m (36 ft) above W bank of Red Deer River10 miles below Tolman Ferry (20 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12314 12319
Red Deer River, approx. 10 mi below Tolman Ferry, 20 ft above river.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (50 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12314 12319 54034
about 5 mi below Tolman Bridge, 50 ft. above river7.5 miles southwest of Morrin [NMC] : Alberta - ? 12314
7.5 mi SW of Morrin6 miles west of Morrin : Alberta - ? 12314
6 miles W of MorrinDrumheller golf course : Alberta - ? 70928
near Drumheller golf course, 2.4 km NW of RTMP, 50 m off North Dinosaur Trail. UTM: 12U 374016, 5706458west of Tolman Bridge : Alberta - ? 70928 77927
west of Tolman Bridge. sec 18, T32N, R21W, W 4th meridian according to RTMP database.Dunphy, Kneehills Creek (RTMP) : Alberta - ? 70928
near Dunphy, along Kneehills Creek. TMP database: sec. 14, T29N, R21W, W 4th meridian. UTM: 12U 371125, 5705128Willow Creek, near Calmar : Alberta - ? 70928 77956
along 0.5 km along bottom of Willow Creek, near Calmar. RTMP database: sec. 13, T50N, R28W, W 4th meridian.Horsethief Canyon : Alberta - ? 70928
Horsethief Canyon, near Drumheller in the Red Deer ValleyBone Bed Quarry No. A [NMC] : Alberta - ? 70928
section 18, T32, R21, W 4th meridian. W side of Red Deer River, opposite Applebaum Coulee or Peterson's place.Weed Creek tracksite : Alberta - ? 73951
along Weed Creek, SW of CalmarBleriot Ferry bonebed : Alberta - ? 76810
The BF Bonebed occurs on the east side of the river, just south of the Bleriot Ferry (Provincial Highway 838)RTMP Loc. L2205 : Alberta - ? 77056
in Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, E of Huxley (UTM 12U: 366769E, 5757459N (WGS 84)). Found approximately halfway between prairie level and river level, although laterally removed from either by approximately 500 mreferred Parksosaurus site (UA) [PROXY] : Alberta - ? 79160
from "along the Red Deer River between the Tolman Crossing and Morrin Bridge, but closer to the latter"Felber Troodontid Site 2 : Alberta - ? 84397 89295 89296
farther north than L2000 in Horsethief Canyon, near the Morrin Bridge. Site is "in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation." (GPS: 12U 368023, 5726540, WGS 84)- Albertavenator curriei
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus
- Hadrosauridae
- Ceratopsidae
- Pachycephalosauridae
- Anodontosaurus lambei
- Atrociraptor marshalli
25 m northeast of Bleriot Ferry bonebed : Alberta - ? 84517
25 m NE of the BF Bonebed occurs, E side of the river, just S of the Bleriot Ferry (Provincial Highway 838)Horsethief Canyon [PROXY] : Alberta - ? 89295
unspecified localiy in Horsethief Canyon, NW of Drumheller in the Red Deer Valley. Site is "in Treaty 7 Territory, the traditional home of the Kanai (Blood), Tsuu T’ina (Sacree), Siksika (Blackfoot), Piikani (Peigan), and Nakoda (Stoney) First Nations, and Métis Nation."2 miles above Munson Ferry [USNM] : Alberta - ? 12319
2 mi. above Munson Ferry, W side of Red Deer Rivereast side, Red Deer River, above Tolman Ferry [ROM] : Alberta - ? 12319
east side, Red Deer River, above Tolman Ferry (Rumsey Ferry)7 miles below Tolman Ferry (25 ft level) [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12319
25 ft above W (right)t bank of Red Deer River, 7 mi below Tolman Ferry0.5 miles below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12319
right (E) bank of Red Deer River, 0.5 mi. below Tolman Ferry5 miles above Tolman Ferry [AMNH] : Alberta - ? 12319
right (E) bank of Red Deer River, about 5 miles above Tolman Ferry3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (150 ft level) : Alberta - ? 12319
approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 150 ft above river3.5 miles below Tolman Ferry (30 ft level) : Alberta - ? 12319
approx. 3.5 mi below Tolman Ferry, Red Deer River, R bank, 30 ft above river
Publication(s)
La base comprend 105 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 H. F. Osborn. 1912. Forty-Third Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History for the Year 1911. Department of Vertebrate Palaeontology
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D. A. Russell. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology 1:1-34 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 R. S. Lull and N. E. Wright. 1942. Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40:1-242 (https://doi.org/10.1130/spe40-p1)
- ↑1 2 D. A. Russell and T. P. Chamney. 1967. Notes on the biostratigraphy of dinosaurian and microfossil faunas in the Edmonton Formation (Cretaceous), Alberta. National Museum of Canada Natural History Papers 35:1-22
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie. 2013. Euoplocephalus tutus and the diversity of ankylosaurid dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA. PLoS ONE 8(5):e62421:1.-39 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062421)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 P. Penkalski. 2018. Revised systematics of the armoured dinosaur Euoplocephalus and its allies. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 287(3):261-306 (https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0717)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 D. H. Tanke and P. J. Currie. 2010. A history of Albertosaurus discoveries in Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(9):1197-1211 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-057)
- ↑1 P. R. Bell. 2011. Cranial osteology and ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on Saurolophus osborn from Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56(4):703-722 (https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0061)
- ↑1 2 W. A. Parks. 1928. Albertosaurus arctunguis, a species of therapodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series 25:1-42
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 L. S. Russell. 1966. Dinosaur hunting in western Canada. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 70:1-37 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52089)
- ↑1 2 R. L. Coulton. 1976. The theropod dinosaurs of the Edmonton Formation, Alberta, Canada. Rocks and Minerals 52(4):176-181 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1977.11761949)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 T. D. Carr. 2010. A taxonomic assessment of the type series of Albertosaurus sarcophagus and the identity of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) in the Albertosaurus bonebed from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47:1213-1226 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-035)
- ↑1 2 L. M. Lambe. 1899. On reptilian remains from the Cretaceous of north-western Canada. The Ottawa Naturalist 13:68-70
- ↑1 2 3 4 D. A. Eberth, P. J. Currie, and D. B. Brinkman, M. J. Ryan, D. R. Braman, J. D. Gardner, V. D. Lam, D. N. Spivak, A. G. Neuman. 2001. Alberta's dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian). In C. L. Hill (ed), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 61st Annual Meeting, Bozeman. Guidebook for the Field Trips: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains, Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3:49-75
- ↑1 H. F. Osborn. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21(14):259-265
- ↑1 L. M. Lambe. 1903. The lower jaw of Dryptosaurus incrassatus (Cope). The Ottawa Naturalist 17:133-139
- ↑1 L. M. Lambe. 1904. On Dryptosaurus incrassatus (Cope), from the Edmonton Series of the North West Territory. Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3(3):1-27 (https://doi.org/10.4095/106573)
- ↑1 L. M. Lambe. 1899. [Mr. L. M. Lambe reports as follows…]. Geological Survey of Canada Summary Report 1898(part A):182-190
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 M. J. Ryan and A. P. Russell. 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
- ↑1 E. T. Drake. 1980. Dinosaurs and international relations 1910–1917. Journal of Geological Education 28:193-198 (https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-28.4.193)
- ↑1 L. M. Lambe. 1904. Vertebrate paleontology. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department of Canada for the Calendar Year 1903 865:205-207
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 P. J. Currie and E. B. Koppelhus. 2015. The significance of the theropod collections of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology to our understanding of Late Cretaceous theropod diversity. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52(8):620-629 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0173)
- ↑1 C. M. Sternberg. 1963. Early discoveries of dinosaurs. National Museum of Canada Natural History Papers 21:1-4
- ↑1 J. C. Mallon, J. R. Bura, and D. Schumann, P. J. Currie. 2020. A problematic tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) skeleton and its implications for tyrannosaurid diversity in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta. The Anatomical Record 303:673-690 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24199)
- ↑1 2 C. M. Sternberg. 1929. A new species of horned dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 54:34-37 (https://doi.org/10.4095/306010)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 R. S. Lull. 1933. A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3(3):1-175 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5716)
- ↑1 2 W. Langston. 1967. The thick-headed ceratopsian dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus (Reptilia: Ornithischia), from the Edmonton Formation near Drumheller, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4:171-186 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e67-008)
- ↑1 W. Langston. 1968. A further note on Pachyrinosaurus (Reptilia: Ceratopsia). Journal of Paleontology 42(5):1303-1304
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan and D. A. Eberth. 1995. Taphonomy of a hadrosaur (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) bone bed from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (early Maastrichtian), Alberta, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):51A
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 P. J. Currie, W. Langston, and D. H. Tanke. 2008. A new species of Pachyrhinosaurus (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. in A New Horned Dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous Bone Bed in Alberta
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 D. W. Larson and P. J. Currie. 2013. Multivariate analyses of small theropod dinosaur teeth and implications for paleoecological turnover through time. PLoS ONE 8(1):e54329:1-14 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054329)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 L. M. Lambe. 1917. Report of the vertebrate palaeontologist. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department of Mines for the Calendar Year 1916 1684:288-295 (https://doi.org/10.4095/304644)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 D. A. Russell. 1972. Ostrich dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9:375-402 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031)
- ↑1 2 C. M. Sternberg. 1933. A new Ornithomimus with complete abdominal cuirass. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 47(5):79-83 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.74515)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L. P. A. Claessens and M. A. Loewen. 2016. A redescription of Ornithomimus velox Marsh, 1890 (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(1):e1034593:1-15 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1034593)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I. Macdonald and P. J. Currie. 2019. Description of a partial Dromiceiomimus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) skeleton with comments on the validity of the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56:129-157 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0162)
- ↑1 C. M. Sternberg. 1929. A toothless armoured dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series) 54(49):28-33 (https://doi.org/10.4095/306008)
- ↑1 V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie. 2016. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14(5):385-444 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985)
- ↑1 2 W. A. Parks. 1926. Struthiomimus brevetertius—A new species of dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 20(4):65-70
- ↑1 2 W. A. Parks. 1926. Thescelosaurus warreni, a new species of orthopodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series 21:1-42
- ↑1 P. M. Galton. 1995. The species of the basal hypsilophodontid dinosaur Thescelosaurus Gilmore (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 198(3):297-311 (https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/198/1995/297)
- ↑1 C. A. Boyd, C. M. Brown, and R. D. Scheetz, J. A. Clarke. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3):758-770 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0328)
- ↑1 2 3 M. N. Hudgins. 2021. The Paleobiology, Paleoecology, and Evolution of Thescelosauridae (Ornithischia) from Alberta, Canada.
- ↑1 2 H.-D. Sues, D. C. Evans, and P. M. Galton, C. M. Brown. 2022. Anatomy of the neornithischian dinosaur Parksosaurus warreni (Parks, 1926) from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Maastrichtian) Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research 141:105369 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105369)
- ↑1 2 L. M. Lambe. 1917. On Cheneosaurus tolmanensis, a new genus and species of trachodont dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. The Ottawa Naturalist 30(10):117-123
- ↑1 2 L. M. Lambe. 1920. The hadrosaur Edmontosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Canada Geological Survey Memoirs, Geological Series 120(102):1-79 (https://doi.org/10.4095/101655)
- ↑1 2 3 L. M. Lambe. 1917. A new genus and species of crestless hadrosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. The Ottawa Naturalist 31(7):65-73
- ↑1 2 N. E. Campione. 2014. Postcranial anatomy of Edmontosaurus regalis (Hadrosauridae) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada. Hadrosaurs
- ↑1 2 P. J. Makovicky. 2001. A Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) braincase from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta. Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 2 3 B. Brown. 1913. A new crested dinosaur. The American Museum Journal 13(3):138-144
- ↑1 2 W. P. Coombs. 1978. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Palaeontology 21(1):143-170
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 W. P. Coombs. 1995. Ankylosaurian tail clubs of middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian age from western North America, with description of a tiny club from Alberta and discussion of tail orientation and tail club function. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32:902-912 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e95-075)
- ↑1 2 3 4 W. A. Parks. 1933. New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous formations of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 34:1-33
- ↑1 R. Steel. 1970. Part 14. Saurischia. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 B. Brown. 1914. Cretaceous Eocene correlation in New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, Alberta. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 25:355-380 (https://doi.org/10.1130/gsab-25-355)
- ↑1 2 3 4 P. J. Currie. 1989. Dinosaur footprints of western Canada. Dinosaur Tracks and Traces. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- ↑1 P. J. Currie. 2000. Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids. Gaia 15:271-277
- ↑1 N. R. Longrich and P. J. Currie. 2009. Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: implications for the systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae. Cretaceous Research 30(1):239-252 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.005)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D. W. Larson, D. B. Brinkman, and P. R. Bell. 2010. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47:1159-1181 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-005)
- ↑1 P. R. Bell. 2010. Palaeopathological changes in a population of Albertosaurus sarcophagus from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47:1263-1268 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-030)
- ↑1 L. G. Buckley, H.-D. Sues, and D. W. Larson, M. Reichel, T. Samman. 2018. Quantifying tooth variation within a single population of Albertosaurus sarcophagus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) and implications for identifying isolated teeth of tyrannosaurids. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(9):1227-1251 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-029)
- ↑1 A. L. Titus, K. Knoll, and J. J. W. Sertich, D. Yamamura, C. A. Suarez, I. J. Glasspool, J. E. Ginouves, A. K. Lukacic, E. M. Roberts. 2021. Geology and taphonomy of a unique tyrannosaurid bonebed from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah: implications for tyrannosaurid gregariousness. PeerJ 9:e11013:1-50 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11013)
- ↑1 P. J. Currie and D. A. Eberth. 2010. On gregarious behavior in Albertosaurus. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(9):1277-1289 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-072)
- ↑1 G. M. Erickson, P. J. Currie, and B. D. Inouye, A. A. Winn. 2010. A revised life table and survivorship curve for Albertosaurus sarcophagus based on the Dry Island mass death assemblage. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47:1269-1275 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-051)
- ↑1 2 3 D. A. Eberth. 2015. Origins of dinosaur bonebeds in the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52(8):655-681 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0200)
- ↑1 J. P. B. Crothers. 2025. Fish & Reptiles of the Rebecca’s Hollow Site, Williams Fork Formation, Late Cretaceous (Edmontonian), Colorado & ‘Between The Dinosaurs’ Toes’: Approaches to Exhibiting Microvertebrate Fossils in Museum Displays (With Emphasis on the Cretaceous Period).
- ↑1 2 M. J. Ryan, P. J. Currie, and J. D. Gardner, M. K. Vickaryous, J. M. Lavigne. 2000. Baby hadrosaurid material associated with an unusually high abundance of Troodon teeth from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Alberta, Cananda. Gaia 15:123-133
- ↑1 2 3 G. F. Funston and P. J. Currie. 2018. The first record of dinosaur eggshell from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Maastrichtian) of Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55(4):436-441 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0273)
- ↑1 2 3 S. A. Whitebone, G. F. Funston, and P. J. Currie. 2023. An unusual microsite from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43(5):e2316668 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2024.2316668)
- ↑1 2 P. J. Currie. 1987. Bird-like characteristics of the jaws and teeth of troodontid theropods (Dinosauria, Saurischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7(1):72-81 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1987.10011638)
- ↑1 2 3 4 D. C. Evans, T. M. Cullen, and D. W. Larson, A. Rego. 2017. A new species of troodontid theropod (Dinosauria: Maniraptora) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Maastrichtian) of Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54(8):813-826 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0034)
- ↑1 B. Brown. 1913. The skeleton of Saurolophus, a crested duck-billed dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 32(19):387-393
- ↑1 P. R. Bell. 2014. A revew of hadrosaurid skin impressions. Hadrosaurs
- ↑1 2 P. R. Bell. 2012. Standardized terminology and potential taxonomic utility for hadrosaurid skin impressions: a case study for Saurolophus from Canada and Mongolia. PLoS One 7(2):e31295:1-12 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031295)
- ↑1 2 3 4 B. Brown. 1913. A new trachodont dinosaur, Hypacrosaurus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 32(20):395-406
- ↑1 D. C. Evans. 2010. Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159(2):398-434 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00611.x)
- ↑1 2 3 B. Brown. 1914. Anchiceratops, a new genus of horned dinosaurs from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. With discussion of the origin of the ceratopsian crest and the brain casts of Anchiceratops and Trachodon. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33(33):539-548
- ↑1 W. P. Coombs, Jr. 1986. A juvenile ankylosaur referable to the genus Euoplocephalus (Reptilia, Ornithischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6(2):162-173
- ↑1 2 W. A. Parks. 1925. Arrhinoceratops brachyops, a new genus and species of Ceratopsia from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series 19:1-15
- ↑1 H. Tyson. 1981. The structure and relationships of the horned dinosaur Arrhinoceratops Parks (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18(8):1241-1247 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-115)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 D. C. Evans, D. A. Eberth, and M. J. Ryan. 2015. Hadrosaurid (Edmontosaurus) bonebeds from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Horsethief Member) at Drumheller, Alberta, Canada: geology, preliminary taphonomy, and significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52:642-654 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0184)
- ↑1 2 X.-C. Wu, D. B. Brinkman, and D. A. Ebert, D. R. Braman. 2007. A new ceratopsid dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the uppermost Horseshoe Canyon Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44:1243-1265 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E07-011)
- ↑1 2 P. Bell. 2007. The Danek Bonebed: an unusual dinosaur assemblage from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Edmonton, Alberta. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(3, suppl.):46A
- ↑1 P. J. Currie and E. B. Koppelhus. 2014. Implications of finding a ceratopsian horncore in the Danek bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51:1034-1038 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0065)
- ↑1 B. Holland, P. R. Bell, and F. Fanti, S. M. Hamilton, D. W. Larson, R. Sissons, C. Sullivan, M. J. Vavrek, Y. Wang, N. E. Campione. 2021. Taphonomy and taxonomy of a juvenile lambeosaurine (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) bonebed from the late Campanian Wapiti Formation of northwestern Alberta, Canada. PeerJ 9:e11290:1-38 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11290)
- ↑1 P. V. Ullmann, A. Shaw, and R. Nellermoe, K. J. Lacovara. 2017. Taphonomy of the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site, Corson County, South Dakota. Palaios 32:779-796 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2017.060)
- ↑1 P. R. Bell and P. J. Currie. 2014. Albertosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) material from an Edmontosaurus bonebed (Horseshoe Canyon Formation) near Edmonton: clarification of palaeogeographic distribution. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51(11):1052-1057 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0050)
- ↑1 A. Torices, G. F. Funston, and S. T. Kraichy, P. J. Currie. 2014. The first appearance of Troodon in the Upper Cretaceous site of Danek Bonebed, and a reevaluation of troodontid quantitative tooth morphotypes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51(11):1039-1044 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0071)
- ↑1 2 C. M. Sternberg. 1928. A new armored dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 22:93-106
- ↑1 K. Carpenter. 1990. Ankylosaur systematics: example using Panoplosaurus and Edmontonia (Ankylosauria: Nodosauridae). Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives (https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511608377.024)
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- ↑1 D. J. Varricchio. 2001. Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Theropoda) dinosaurs from Montana. D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington
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- ↑1 2 3 G. F. Funston, M. J. Powers, and S. A. Whitebone, S. L. Brusatte, J. B. Scannella, J. R. Horner, P. J. Currie. 2021. Baby tyrannosaurid bones and teeth from the Late Cretaceous of western North America 1. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(9):756–777 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0169)
