Kirkwood
Description
Source: Wikipédia
La formation de Kirkwood est une formation géologique du Crétacé inférieur située en Afrique du Sud dans les provinces du Cap-Oriental et du Cap-Occidental ; c'est également un site fossilifère. Probablement d'âge Valanginien moyen à terminal, soit d'il y a environ 135 à 132 millions d'années, elle est l'une des quatre formations du groupe Uitenhage du bassin Algoa et du bassin Gamtoos voisin. Des affleurements de Kirkwood se trouvent également le long des lignes de bassin Worcester-Pletmos, Herbertsdale-Riversdale, Heidelberg-Mossel Bay et Oudtshoorn-Gamtoos. Dans ces bassins, la formation Kirkwood est à la base de la formation Buffelskloof et non de la formation Sundays River.
La formation est à 17 km de la ville de Kirkwood (Afrique du Sud), qui lui a donné son nom, dans la vallée de la rivière Sundays.
Découvertes
Source: The Paleobiology Database
Site(s) correspondant(s) à cette formation: 13
Bezuidenhouts River, north side : Eastern Cape - ? 30647 37979 57283 Bezuidenhouts River, north side; on the Strathsomers Estate. Coordinates stated in Rich et al (1983)- Bushmans River, Woodbury Farm : Eastern Cape - ? 12231 12746 18592 57278 57283 59099 62328 62949 65090 71505 Bushmans River, near Woodbury Farm, Algoa Basin, Cape Province; probably one of the eroded gullies near the common boundary of the modern farms at Bushmans River and Hillneck, about 1.6 km S of Dassies Klip
- 17 km west of Kirkwood : Eastern Cape - ? 13821 69686 Algoa Basin, ca. 5 km W of Kirkwood (based on map in ref 13821) - corrected to 17 km W of Kirkwood Village (Choiniere et al. 2012)
- Port Elizabeth Brick and Tile Company quarry, Despatch : Eastern Cape - ? 17006 23770 57188 57278 57283 62328 Despatch, near Port Elizabeth, Algoa Basin, SE of Uitenhage, quarry of the Port Elizabeth Brick and Tile Company
- Eusauropoda identifié comme Algoasaurus bauri n. gen. n. sp.
- Sundays River, east bank : Eastern Cape - ? 30647 37979 57283 E bank, Sundays River
- Kirkwood Cliffs, Sundays River : Eastern Cape - ? 29798 30647 37979 41617 57188 57283 Kirkwood Cliffs, = Site 6 of McLachlan and McMillan (1976) and Rich et al. (1983); Algoa Basin, along Sunday River S of town of Kirkwood; near the Strathsomers Estate. Also called the "Kirkwood Bridge outcrop."
- Umlilo Game Farm : Eastern Cape - ? 57188
- KwaNobuhle Township outskirts : Eastern Cape - ? 57188 93350 KwaNobuhle Township outskirts, 3.3 km south of Uitenhage
- Kirkwood Cliffs ‘Lookout’ (siltstone bed) : Eastern Cape - ? 57188
- Kirkwood Cliffs ‘Lookout’ (sandstone bed) : Eastern Cape - ? 57188
- Bezuidenhouts River, north side : Eastern Cape - ? 57280 57283 62328 along N bank of Bezuidenhouts River, 2 mi. from Blue Cliff Station, on the road down the river, "a short way below the farm on the north bank of the river," in the "nearer cliff [of two], towards the top"
- Geelhoutboom : Eastern Cape - ? 57283 Geelhoutboom, near the junction of the Bezuidenhouts and Sundays rivers
- Kirkwood Cliffs ‘Lookout’, Kirkwood Quarry : Eastern Cape - Sarah Baartman 82470 Kirkwood Quarry is one of several bone-bearing portions of the larger Kirkwood Lookout exposures, which constitute the stratotype section of the formation. The quarry is "about three quarters from the top of the left-hand side of the Kirkwood Lookout exposures." 2.65 km S of town of Kirkwood, equivalent to "Site 6" of Rich et al. 1983.
Publication(s)
La base comprend 22 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 I. R. McLachlan and I. K. McMillan. 1976. Review and stratigraphic significance of southern Cape Mesozoic palaeontology. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 79(2):197-212
- ↑1 2 3 T. H. V. Rich and P. V. Rich. 1985. Search for Gondwana Late Mesozoic mammals and birds. National Geographic Society Research Reports (1977) 18:643-649
- ↑1 2 3 T. H. V. Rich, R. E. Molnar, and P. V. Rich. 1983. Fossil vertebrates from the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, Algoa Basin, southern Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 86(3):281-291
- ↑1 2 W. G. Atherstone. 1857. Geology of Uitenhage. The Eastern Province Monthly Magazine 1(10):518-532
- ↑1 P. M. Galton and W. P. Coombs, Jr. 1981. Paranthodon africanus (Broom), a stegosaurian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of South Africa. Géobios 14(3):299-309 (https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(81)80177-5)
- ↑1 P. M. Galton. 1981. Craterosaurus pottonensis Seeley, a stegosaurian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of England, and a review of Cretaceous stegosaurs. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 161(1):28-46 (https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/161/1981/28)
- ↑1 R. Broom. 1912. Observations on some specimens of South African fossil reptiles preserved in thge British Museum. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 2:19-25
- ↑1 2 E. H. L. Schwarz. 1913. Note on South African Cretaceous dinosaurs. Geological Magazine, decade 5 10:263-264
- ↑1 R. Furon. 1963. Geology of Africa. (https://doi.org/10.2307/1794696)
- ↑1 2 3 E. H. L. Schwarz. 1914. The Bushman’s River Cretaceous rocks. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 16:41-43
- ↑1 E. Hennig. 1915. Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Pars 9: Stegosauria 1:1-16 (https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112609408)
- ↑1 L. N. J. Engelbrecht, F. J. Coertze, and A. A. Snyman. 1962. Die Geologie van die Gebied Tussen Port Elizabeth en Alexandria, Kaapprovinsie [The Geology of the Area Between Port Elizabeth and Alexandria, Cape Province] (https://doi.org/10.1177/001088046200200407)
- ↑1 2 P. C. Sereno. 2017. Early Cretaceous ornithomimosaurs (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Africa. Ameghiniana 54(5):576-616 (https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.23.10.2017.3155)
- ↑1 W. J. de Klerk, C. A. Forster, and S. D. Sampson, A. Chinsamy, C. F. Ross. 2000. A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(2):324-332
- ↑1 2 R. Broom. 1904. On the occurrence of an opisthocoelian dinosaur (Algoasaurus bauri) in the Cretaceous beds of South Africa. Geological Magazine, decade 5 1:445-447 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800123891)
- ↑1 R. Broom. 1915. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates in the American Museum of Natural History. II.–Permian, Triassic and Jurassic reptiles of South Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 25(2):105-164
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B. W. McPhee, P. D. Mannion, and W. J. de Klerk, J. N. Choiniere. 2016. High diversity in the sauropod dinosaur fauna of the Lower Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation of South Africa: implications for the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition. Cretaceous Research 59:228-248 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.11.006)
- ↑1 C. A. Forster, A. A. Farke, and J. A. McCartney, W. J. De Klerk, C. F. Ross. 2009. A "basal" tetanuran from the Lower Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):283-285 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0101)
- ↑1 M. T. Carrano, R. B. J. Benson, and S. D. Sampson. 2012. The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10(2):211-300 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2011.630927)
- ↑1 P. D. Mannion and A. J. Moore. 2025. Critical reappraisal of a putative dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Gondwana and a revised view of diplodocoid evolutionary relationships and biogeography. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 23(1):2550760 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2025.2550760)
- ↑1 2 A. W. Rogers and E. H. L. Schwarz. 1901. Report on the survey of parts of the Uitenhage and Port Elizabeth divisions. Annual Report of the Geological Commission, Cape of Good Hope 1900:3-18
- ↑1 2 C. A. Forster, W. J. de Klerk, and K. E. Poole, A. Chinsamy-Turan, E. M. Roberts, | C. F. Ross. 2022. Iyuku raathi, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa. The Anatomical Record 306:1762-1803 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25038)
Galerie d'image
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