Milk River
Description
Source: Wikipédia
The Milk River Formation is a sandstone-dominated stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southern Alberta, Canada. It was deposited in near-shore to coastal environments during Late Cretaceous (late Santonian to early Campanian) time. Based on uranium-lead dating, palynology and stratigraphic relationships, deposition occurred between ~84.1 and 83.6 Ma.
The sandstones of the Virgelle Member in the centre of the formation are well-exposed at Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park in southwestern Alberta, where they bear petroglyphs carved into them by First Nations people.
The formation is fossiliferous and has yielded an extensive vertebrate fauna (see Tables below), as well as fossil ammonites. In some areas it hosts shallow natural gas reservoirs.
The area was probably a dense forest during the Late Cretaceous with conifers from the Yew family being common alongside flowering plants like Magnolias and Figs. The ground was covered in horsetails and sensitive ferns.
Découvertes
Source: The Paleobiology Database
Site(s) correspondant(s) à cette formation: 26
Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-2) : Alberta - ? 1510 42675 94184 29 km E of Milk River- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-4) : Alberta - ? 1508 1510 42675 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Dromaeosauridae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Saurornitholestinae
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-5) : Alberta - ? 1510 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Velociraptorinae
- Saurornitholestinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-6) : Alberta - ? 1510 1514 1521 42675 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Dromaeosauridae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Zapsalis
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Saurornitholestinae
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-8) : Alberta - ? 1510 42675 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Dromaeosauridae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Zapsalis
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Saurornitholestinae
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-12) : Alberta - ? 1521 42675 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Saurornitholestinae
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-20) : Alberta - ? 1173 1521 42675 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Dromaeosauridae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Zapsalis
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Saurornitholestinae
- Deadhorse Coulee, Locality 5 : Alberta - ? 12319 24167 46756 Ls 12, sec 32, T1N, R11W, W 4th meridian, SE side of Deadhorse Coulee
- Kritosaurus
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.
- Ornithomimidae
- Centrosaurinae identifié comme cf. Brachyceratops sp.
- Ankylosauria identifié comme cf. Palaeoscincus sp.
- Deadhorse Coulee, Locality 10 : Alberta - ? 12319 24167 46756 56076 Ls 9, sec 36, T1N, R12W, W 4th meridian, N side of Deadhorse Coulee
- Red Creek : Alberta - ? 14144
- Dead Horse Creek (ROM) : Alberta - ? 14453 24165 Dead Horse Creek, Alberta
- Deadhorse Coulee, Locality 7 : Alberta - ? 24167 46756 Ls 12, sec 22, T1N, R11W, W 4th meridian; in tributary valley on SE side of Deadhorse Coulee
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.
- Kritosaurus
- Black Coulee : Alberta - ? 40783 46763 56076 ca. 10 km E of Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-9) : Alberta - County of Warner 42675 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River. Includes presumed sublocalities MR-9A, MR-9B, MR-9C, MR-9D
- Dromaeosauridae
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Saurornitholestinae
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Verdigris Coulee (TMP/ROM general) : Alberta - ? 56076 94184 Verdigris Coulee area
- Hadrosaurinae
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-3) : Alberta - ? 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-10) : Alberta - ? 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Dromaeosaurinae
- Zapsalis
- Paronychodon identifié comme Paronychodon lacustris
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Tyrannosaurinae
- Velociraptorinae
- Richardoestesia gilmorei
- Richardoestesia isosceles
- Saurornitholestinae
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-13) : Alberta - ? 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-15) : Alberta - ? 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-18) : Alberta - ? 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-22) : Alberta - ? 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-23) : Alberta - ? 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Verdigris Coulee (UA-MR-25) : Alberta - ? 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Loc. 51, Verdigris Coulee : Alberta - ? 50790 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Loc. 53, Verdigris Coulee : Alberta - ? 94184 29 km E of Milk River
- Loc. 36, Verdigris Coulee : Alberta - ? 94184 29 km E of Milk River
Publication(s)
La base comprend 17 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 R. C. Fox. 1971. Early Campanian multituberculates (Mammalia: Allotheria) from the upper Milk River Formation, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8:916-938 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-082)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J. D. Gardner. 2000. Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of North America. Geodiversitas 22(3):349-388
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 D. W. Larson. 2008. Diversity and variation of theropod dinosaur teeth from the uppermost Santonian Milk River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Alberta: a quantitative method supporting identification of the oldest dinosaur tooth assemblage in Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45(12):1455-1468 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e08-070)
- ↑1 2 R. C. Fox. 1969. Studies of Late Cretaceous vertebrates. III. A triconodont mammal from Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 47:1253-1256 (https://doi.org/10.1139/z69-196)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 T. E. Williamson and S. L. Brusatte. 2014. Small theropod teeth from the Late Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin, northwestern New Mexico and their implications for understanding latest Cretaceous dinosaur evolution. PLoS ONE 9(4):e93190:1-23 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093190)
- ↑1 2 R. C. Fox. 1976. Additions to the mammalian local fauna from the Upper Milk River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13:1105 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e76-113)
- ↑1 2 3 4 R. C. Fox. 1980. Picopsis pattersoni, n.gen. and sp., an unusual therian from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta, and the classification of primitive tribosphenic mammals. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17:1489 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e80-156)
- ↑1 2 S. J. Carlson and D. W. Krause. 1985. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(1) (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3963-0)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 L. S. Russell. 1935. Fauna of the upper Milk River Beds, southern Alberta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 4(29):115-128
- ↑1 2 R. S. Lull and N. E. Wright. 1942. Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40:1-242 (https://doi.org/10.1130/spe40-p1)
- ↑1 2 3 A. Prieto-Marquez. 2013. Skeletal morphology of Kritosaurus navajovius (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2013.770417)
- ↑1 2 3 D. W. Larson, N. E. Campione, and C. M. Brown, D. C. Evans, M. J. Ryan. 2014. Hadrosauroid material from the Santonian Milk River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. Hadrosaurs
- ↑1 2 P. J. Currie. 1989. Dinosaur footprints of western Canada. Dinosaur Tracks and Traces. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- ↑1 2 L. S. Russell. 1964. Cretaceous non-marine faunas of northwestern North America. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 61:1-24 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52224)
- ↑1 R. M. Sullivan. 2003. Revision of the dinosaur Stegoceras Lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):181-207 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2003)23[181:rotdsl]2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 2 M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans, and P. J. Currie, C. M. Brown, D. Brinkman. 2012. New leptoceratopsids from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research 35(1):69-80 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.018)
- ↑1 D. C. Evans, R. K. Schott, and D. W. Larson, C. M. Brown, M. J. Ryan. 2013. The oldest North American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs. Nature Communications 4:1828 (https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2749)
Galerie d'image
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