Genus
Valid Extinct

Dakotaraptor

DePalma et al. 2015

Dakotaraptor is a genus of maniraptoriform theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous period. The remains have been found in the Maastrichtian-aged Hell Creek Formation, dated to the very end of the Mesozoic era, making Dakotaraptor potentially one of the last surviving dromaeosaurids, though other researchers have disputed its classification. One of the largest dromaeosaurids, measuring 4.35–6 m (14.3–19.7 ft) and weighing 220–350 kg (490–770 lb), the remains of D. steini were discovered in a multi-species bonebed. Elements of the holotype and referred specimens were later found to belong to trionychid turtles, and it is unclear whether further analysis of potential non-dromaeosaurid affinities of the holotype and referred material can be properly conducted, because currently the type specimen is housed in a private collection. Phylogenetic analyses of D. steini place it in a variety of positions within Dromaeosauridae.

Temporal range
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Paleogene
Neogene
252 201 145 66 0 Ma
PBDB occurrences
2
Group
Dinosaures
Carnivore Ground dwelling Terrestrial
Dakotaraptor
click to enlarge
Skeletal diagram featuring the known elements and size of the holotype of the giant dromaeosaurids Dakotaraptor steini. The holotype PBMNH.P.10.113.T, consists of: Right pedal ungual II, right pedal ungual III, right femur, left and right tibia, left astragalus and calcaneum, left metatarsal II and IV, right metatarsal IV, isolated fragmentary dorsal centrum, 10 caudal vertebrae, left and right humerus, left and right radius, left and right ulna, right metacarpal I and II, three fragmentary left manual phalanges. The tooth depicted here belongs to specimens PBMNH.P.10.119.T and PBMNH.P.10.121.T, which are estimated to have come from an adult individual too.[1] The relationships of Dakotaraptor within the Dromaeosauridae are complex; most cladograms exclude Dakotaraptor, however, in the original description it was placed between the Dromaeosaurinae, which contains heavy-built animals such as Achillobator and Utahraptor, despite the relatively slender anatomy of this animal.[1] Surprinsingly enough, in the latest phylogenetic analysis, Dakotaraptor was placed in the Unenlagiinae, being the sister taxon to Unenlagia.[2] In the original description, three furculae were associated to the genus, specimens NCSM 13170, KUVP 152429 and the one from the holotype PBMNH P.10.113.T. These furculae were revised, and they turned out to be from a entoplastron belonging to a trionychid turtle. Therefore, the proposed furcula for the hypodigm of Dakotaraptor should be excluded, the same goes for the referred specimens.[3] Color Key   Known   Unknown © PaleoNeolitic · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia
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Classification
Dinosauria Unranked clade
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Theropoda Unranked clade
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Neotheropoda Unranked clade
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Averostra Unranked clade
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Tetanurae Unranked clade
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Coelurosauria Unranked clade
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Maniraptora Unranked clade
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Paraves Unranked clade
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Deinonychosauria Infraorder
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Dromaeosauridae Family
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Eudromaeosauria Unranked clade
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Dromaeosaurinae Subfamily
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Dakotaraptor Genus
Measurements
Length
4,9 m ⓘ
Dakotaraptor steini
Mass
260 kg ⓘ
Dakotaraptor steini
Fossil sites 2 geolocated sites
Distribution
Top countries
🇺🇸 United States
2
Geological formations
Temporal distribution
Maastrichtian (72.2–66 Ma)
2
Species (1)
Dakotaraptor steini 72 Ma
Images 3
Bibliography
Original description
R. A. DePalma, D. A. Burnham, and L. D. Martin, P. L. Larson, R. T. Bakker. 2015. The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 14:1-16
Bibliography (2)
W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
R. A. DePalma, D. A. Burnham, and L. D. Martin, P. L. Larson, R. T. Bakker. 2015. The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 14:1-16