Caenagnathus

Body mass evolution of Oviraptorosauria. Time calibrated phenograms of Log10 Body Mass (kg) versus time (Ma) for Oviraptorosauria. Blue halos represent 95% confi- dence intervals and branches indicate phylogenetic relation- ships. Each plot displays the same data, but Caenagnathidae is highlighted in green in (A) and Oviraptoridae is highlighted in red in (B) for clarity. Yellow arrows indicate nodes where important changes in body size range occur. Pie charts show ancestral estimations of biogeographic range (as in Fig. 20) for important clades of caenagnathids (A) and oviraptorids (B). Node labels from left to right in (A): Oviraptorosauria; Caenagnathidae; Anomalipes + Caenagnathinae; Caenagnathinae more derived than Apatoraptor pennatus; Anzu + Caenagnathus. Node labels from left to right in (B): Oviraptorosauria; Caenagnathoidea; Oviraptoridae; Heyuanninae (bottom); Citipatinae (top). Colours for node labels as in Fig. 20. Abbreviations: Al, Albian; Ap, Aptian; Ba, Barremian; Be, Berriasian; Ca, Campanian; Ce, Cenomanian; Co, Coniacian; Ha, Hauterivian; Ma, Maastrichtian; S, Santonian; Tu, Turonian; Va, Valanginian.

Skeletal reconstructions of Dinosaur Park Formation caenagnathids. Skeletal reconstructions of Citipes elegans (left), Chirostenotes pergracilis (middle), and Caenagnathus collinsi (right), showing variation in skeletal representation and body size. Previously referred material is indicated in white and newly referred material is indicated in red for each taxon. Blue asterisks indicate elements that have been histologically sampled for each taxon. Citipes elegans: dentaries, metatarsal IV; Chirostenotes pergracilis: dentaries, tibia; Caenagnathus collinsi: pubis.

Skeletal reconstructions of Dinosaur Park Formation caenagnathids. Skeletal reconstructions of Citipes elegans (left), Chirostenotes pergracilis (middle), and Caenagnathus collinsi (right), showing variation in skeletal representation and body size. Previously referred material is indicated in white and newly referred material is indicated in red for each taxon. Blue asterisks indicate elements that have been histologically sampled for each taxon. Citipes elegans: dentaries, metatarsal IV; Chirostenotes pergracilis: dentaries, tibia; Caenagnathus collinsi: pubis.