Barrémien

Body mass evolution of Oviraptorosauria. Time calibrated phenograms of Log10 Body Mass (kg) versus time (Ma) for Oviraptorosauria. Blue halos represent 95% confi- dence intervals and branches indicate phylogenetic relation- ships. Each plot displays the same data, but Caenagnathidae is highlighted in green in (A) and Oviraptoridae is highlighted in red in (B) for clarity. Yellow arrows indicate nodes where important changes in body size range occur. Pie charts show ancestral estimations of biogeographic range (as in Fig. 20) for important clades of caenagnathids (A) and oviraptorids (B). Node labels from left to right in (A): Oviraptorosauria; Caenagnathidae; Anomalipes + Caenagnathinae; Caenagnathinae more derived than Apatoraptor pennatus; Anzu + Caenagnathus. Node labels from left to right in (B): Oviraptorosauria; Caenagnathoidea; Oviraptoridae; Heyuanninae (bottom); Citipatinae (top). Colours for node labels as in Fig. 20. Abbreviations: Al, Albian; Ap, Aptian; Ba, Barremian; Be, Berriasian; Ca, Campanian; Ce, Cenomanian; Co, Coniacian; Ha, Hauterivian; Ma, Maastrichtian; S, Santonian; Tu, Turonian; Va, Valanginian.

Locality map for Australian eurypodan thyreophoran fossils. 1, Stegosaurian? footprint (QM F5701), Walloon Coal Measures, Balgowan Colliery, Balgowan (Bajocian–Bathonian); 2, Minmi paravertebra holotype (QM F10329) (Molnar, 1980), Minmi Member, Bungil Formation (Valanginian–Barremian); 3, Thyreophoran trackways, Broome Sandstone, Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia (Valanginian–Barremian); 4, Ankylosauria indet. (see Barrett et al., 2010) ‘Flat Rocks’ Wonthaggi Formation (upper Hauterivian–Albian); 5, NMV P216739, ‘Lake Copco–Dinosaur Cove’ Eumeralla Formation (middle upper Aptian to lower middle Albian) (Barrett et al., 2010); 6, QM F33286; 7, AM F119849 and AM F35259; 8, Kunbarrasaurus ieversi gen. et sp. nov. (formerly Minmi sp.) (QM F18101); 9, QM F33565 and QM F33566; 10, QM F44324-28. Legend: Dark Green, Toolebuc Formation (late middle–early late Albian); Green, Allaru Formation (upper Albian–(?)lower Cenomanian); Light green, Mackunda Formation (upper Albian–lower Cenomanian); Lightest green, Winton Formation (late Albian–early Turonian).

World map showing Late Cretaceous metatherian locales. Europe 1. Font-de-Benon quarry, Archingeay-Les Nouillers (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous), Charente-Maritime, southwestern France (Vullo et al. 2009) 2. Valkenburg Member, Maastricht Formation (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous), southern Limburg, The Netherlands (Martin et al. 2005) Asia 3. Yixian Formation, China (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) 4. Bissekty Formation, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 5. Darbasa Formation, southern Kazakhstan (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 6. Grey Mesa locality (Averianov 1997) 7. Barun Goyot Formation, Umuni Gobi, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 8. Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia (Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 9. Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) North America Alaska 9. Prince Creek Formation, Alaska (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada 10. Milk River Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 11. Oldman Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 12. Dinosaur Park Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 13. Horseshoe Canyon Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 14. St. Mary River Formation, Alberta and northwestern Montana (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 15. Scollard Formation, Alberta (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 16. Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Montana and North Dakota 17. Judith River Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 18. Two Medicine Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 19. Hell Creek Formation, Montana and North Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) South Dakota 20. Fox Hills Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 21. Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Wyoming 22. “Mesa Verde Formation” (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 23. Lance Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 24. Ferris Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Utah 25. Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian-Cenomanian) 26. Dakota Formation fauna (late Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) 27. Smoky Hollow Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 28. John Henry Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Coniacian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 29. Wahweap Formation (early-middle Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 30. Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 31. Iron Springs Formation fauna, southern Utah (Turonian – Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 32. North Horn Formation, Utah (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Colorado 33. Williams Fork Formation, Colorado (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian) 34. Laramie Formation, northeastern Colorado (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Baja California Del Norte, Mexico 35. El Gallo Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) (Clemens 1980; Lillegraven 1972; Lillegraven 1976) New Mexico 36. Fruitland and lower Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 37. Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation, New Mexico (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Oklahoma 38. Antlers Formation, Texas and Oklahoma (Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous) Texas 39. Aguja Formation, West Texas (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) New Jersey 40. Marshalltown Formation, New Jersey (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) Szalay 1994)

World map showing Late Cretaceous metatherian locales. Europe 1. Font-de-Benon quarry, Archingeay-Les Nouillers (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous), Charente-Maritime, southwestern France (Vullo et al. 2009) 2. Valkenburg Member, Maastricht Formation (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous), southern Limburg, The Netherlands (Martin et al. 2005) Asia 3. Yixian Formation, China (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) 4. Bissekty Formation, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 5. Darbasa Formation, southern Kazakhstan (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 6. Grey Mesa locality (Averianov 1997) 7. Barun Goyot Formation, Umuni Gobi, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 8. Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia (Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 9. Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) North America Alaska 9. Prince Creek Formation, Alaska (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada 10. Milk River Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 11. Oldman Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 12. Dinosaur Park Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 13. Horseshoe Canyon Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 14. St. Mary River Formation, Alberta and northwestern Montana (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 15. Scollard Formation, Alberta (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 16. Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Montana and North Dakota 17. Judith River Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 18. Two Medicine Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 19. Hell Creek Formation, Montana and North Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) South Dakota 20. Fox Hills Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 21. Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Wyoming 22. “Mesa Verde Formation” (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 23. Lance Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 24. Ferris Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Utah 25. Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian-Cenomanian) 26. Dakota Formation fauna (late Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) 27. Smoky Hollow Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 28. John Henry Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Coniacian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 29. Wahweap Formation (early-middle Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 30. Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 31. Iron Springs Formation fauna, southern Utah (Turonian – Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 32. North Horn Formation, Utah (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Colorado 33. Williams Fork Formation, Colorado (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian) 34. Laramie Formation, northeastern Colorado (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Baja California Del Norte, Mexico 35. El Gallo Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) (Clemens 1980; Lillegraven 1972; Lillegraven 1976) New Mexico 36. Fruitland and lower Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 37. Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation, New Mexico (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Oklahoma 38. Antlers Formation, Texas and Oklahoma (Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous) Texas 39. Aguja Formation, West Texas (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) New Jersey 40. Marshalltown Formation, New Jersey (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) Szalay 1994)

Drawings of Dryolestida left upper−molar, modified from the original descriptions. A–C, Kimmeridgian; D–F, Tithonian–Berriasian; G–H, early Barremian; I, late Barremian. A. Left M4 or M5 of Comotherium richi Prothero, 1981, from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Como Bluff locality, Wyoming, USA. B. Right M5, reversed, of Dryolestes leiriensis Martin, 1999, from Guimarota, Portugal.C. Left M6 of Krebsotherium lusitanicum Martin, 1999, from Guimarota, Portugal. D. Right M4 or M 6 (reversed) of Portopinheirodon asymmetricus Martin, 1999, Porto Pinheiro, Lourinha, Portugal. E. Right M5 (reversed) of Laolestes andresi Martin, 1999, from Porto Pinheiro, Lourinha, Portugal. F. Right upper molar of Donodon perscriptoris Sigogneau−Russell, 1991, Anoual, Morocco.G. Left M4 orM5 of Crusafontia amoae sp. nov., holotype, Cuesta Corrales 2, El Castellar Formation, Galve, Teruel, Spain. H. Right M6 orM7 (reversed) of Crusafontia amoae sp. nov., first described as upper molar of Crusafontia cuencana by Krebs (1993), P−2 H4 Pelejón 2, Galve, Teruel, Spain. I. Left M2 or M3, of Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs, 1969, Uña, La Huérguina Formation, Cuenca, Spain, (from Krebs 1993). Scale bars 1 mm.

Uncovered skeleton of Brachauchenius sp. VL from the late Barremian Formacio´n Paja of Loma La Cabrera, Villa de Leyva area, in dorsal view. The far posterior part (ischia, tail) and the right hind limb are not preserved.

Specimens of Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. from the Flat Rocks Sandstone in the upper Barremian, Wonthaggi Formation, Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia: (1–2) holotype (NMV P229196), left maxilla in lateral (1) and medial (2) views; (3) NMV P208178, left maxilla in lateral view; (4) NMV P212845, left maxilla in lateral view; (5) NMV P209977, left maxilla in lateral view; (6) NMV P186440, left maxilla in lateral view; (7) NMV 208113, right maxillary tooth in labial view. Scale bars = 10 mm (1–6); 1 mm (7).