Family
Valid Extinct

Shastasauridae

Merriam 1902

Shastasauridae is an extinct family of ichthyosaurs from the Late Triassic with a possible Early Jurassic record. The family contains the largest known species of ichthyosaurs, which include some of and possibly the largest known marine reptiles.

Temporal range
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Paleogene
Neogene
252 201 145 66 0 Ma
PBDB occurrences
40
Group
Ichtyosaures
Carnivore nektonic Marine
Shastasauridae
click to enlarge
Shastasaurus (formerly Shonisaurus) sikkanniensis at The Royal Tyrrell Museum. © LegendZ3 · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia
Shastasauridae
Shastasauridae
PBDB Wikipedia
Classification
Ichthyosauria Unranked clade
Hueneosauria Unranked clade
Merriamosauria Unranked clade
Shastasauridae Family
Fossil sites 40 geolocated sites
Distribution
Top countries
🇺🇸 United States
10
🇨🇳 China
10
🇫🇷 France
6
🇨🇦 Canada
5
🇲🇽 Mexico
2
🇮🇹 Italy
2
🇳🇿 New Zealand
1
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
1
🇩🇪 Germany
1
🇨🇭 Switzerland
1
Geological formations
Hosselkus
5
Xiaowa
5
Pardonet
5
Falang
3
Luning
3
Antimonio
2
Wayao
2
Kössen
2
Hosselkus Limestone
1
Mufara
1
Temporal distribution
Hettangian (201.4–199.5 Ma)
1
Rhaetian (205.7–201.4 Ma)
9
Norian (227.3–205.7 Ma)
14
Carnian (237–227.3 Ma)
13
Ladinian (241.464–237 Ma)
3
Synonyms (3)
Ichthyosaurus carinatus nomen dubium, species not entered Shastasauridae
Ichthyosaurus rheticus nomen dubium, species not entered Shastasauridae
Shastasaurus sieversi nomen dubium, species not entered Shastasauridae
Images 1
Bibliography
Original description
R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution.
Bibliography (28)
D. R. Lomax, P. de la Salle, and M. Perillo, J. Reynolds, R. Reynolds, J. F. Waldron. 2024. The last giants: New evidence for giant Late Triassic (Rhaetian) ichthyosaurs from the UK. PLoS One 19(4):e0300289 DOI ↗
P. M. Sander, P. R. Pérez De Villar, and H. Furrer, T. Wintrich. 2022. Giant Late Triassic ichthyosaurs from the Kössen Formation of the Swiss Alps and their paleobiological implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 41(6):e2046017 DOI ↗
D.-Y. Jiang, R. Motani, and A. Tintori, O. Rieppel, C. Ji, M. Zhou, X. Wang, H. Lu, Z.-G. Li. 2020. Evidence supporting predation of 4-m marine reptile by Triassic megapredator. iScience DOI ↗
D. Konietzko-Meier, J. D. Werner, and T. Wintrich, P. M. Sander. 2019. A large temnospondyl humerus from the Rhaetian (Late Triassic) of Bonenburg (Westphalia, Germany) and its implications for temnospondyl extinction. Journal of Iberian Geology 45(2):287-300 DOI ↗
H. Lu, D.-Y. Jiang, and R. Motani, P.-G. Ni, Z.-Y. Sun, A. Tintori, S.-Z. Xiao, M. Zhou, C. Ji, W.-F. Fu. 2018. Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna: Showing turnover of marine reptiles from coastal to oceanic environments. Palaeoworld 27(1):107-116 DOI ↗
C. Dal Sasso, G. Insacco, and AA Chiarenza, D. Di Franco, A. Reitano. 2014. First record of Ichthyosaurs in Sicily (Upper Triassic of Monte Scalpello, Catania province). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 120(1):71-82 DOI ↗
V. Fischer, H. Capetta, and P. Vincent, G. Garcia, S. Goolaerts, J. E. Martin, D. Roggero, X. Valentin. 2014. Ichthyosaurs from the French Rhaetian indicate a severe turnover across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Naturwissenschaften 101:1027-1040 DOI ↗
C. Ji, D.-Y. Jiang, and R. Motani, W.-C. Hao, Z.-Y. Sun, T. Cai. 2013. A new juvenile specimen of Guanlingasaurus (Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southwestern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33(2):340-348 DOI ↗
Q.-H. Shang and C. Li. 2009. On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47(3):178-193
X. Wang, G. H. Bachmann, and H. Hagdorn, P. M. Sanders, G. Cuny, X. Chen, C. Wang, L. Chen, L. Cheng, F. Meng, G. Xu. 2008. The Late Triassic black shales of the Guanling area, Guizhou province, south-west China: a unique marine reptile and pelagic crinoid fossil lagerstätte. Palaeontology 51(1):27-61
X.-H. Chen, L. Cheng, and P. M. Sander. 2007. A new species of Callawayia (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Late Triassic in Guanling, Guizhou. Geology in China 34(6):974-982
L. Cheng, O. Wings, and X. Chen, P. M. Sander. 2006. Gastroliths in the Triassic ichthyosaur Panjiangsaurus from China. Journal of Paleontology 80(3):583-588
M. W. Maisch, X.-R. Pan, and Z.-Y. Sun, T. Cai, D.-P. Zhang, J.-L. Xie. 2006. Cranial osteology of Guizhouicthyosaurus tangae (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Triassic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(3):588-597 DOI ↗
E. L. Nicholls and M. Manabe. 2004. Giant ichthyosaurs of the Triassic - a new species of Shonisaurus from the Pardonet Formation (Norian: Late Triassic) of British Columbia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(4):838-849 DOI ↗
M. Dalla Vecchia and M. Avanzini. 2002. New findings of isolated remains of Triassic reptiles from Northeastern Italy. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 42(2-3):215-235
E. L. Nicholls and M. Manabe. 2001. A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: bridging the Triassic-Jurassic gap. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38:983-1002 DOI ↗
E. L. Nicholls, D. B. Brinkman, and X.-C. Wu. 1998. A new archosaur from the Upper Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35:1134-1142 DOI ↗
S. G. Lucas and C. M. González-León. 1995. Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Sonora and the biochronology of Triassic ichthyosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Paper 301:17-20 DOI ↗
J. M. Mazin and P. M. Sander. 1993. Palaeobiogeography of the Early and Late Triassic ichthyopterygia. Paleontologia Lombarda 2:93-107
J. M. Callaway and J. A. Massare. 1989. Shastasaurus altispinus (Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of the El Antimonio District, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 63(6):930-939 DOI ↗
J. A. Hogler and R. A. Hanger. 1989. A new condrophorine (Hydrozoa, Velellidae) from the Upper Triassic of Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 63(2):249-251 DOI ↗
W. N. Orr and K. T. Katsura. 1985. Oregon's oldest vertebrates [Ichthyosauria(Reptilia)]. Oregon Geology 47(7):75-77
J. D. Campbell. 1965. New Zealand Triassic saurians. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 8(3):505-509 DOI ↗
J. C. Merriam. 1908. Triassic Ichthyosauria. Memoirs of the University of California 1(1):1-155 DOI ↗
H.-E. Sauvage. 1907. Vertébrés [Vertebrates]. Note sur L'Infralias de Provenchères-sur-Meuse
J. C. Merriam. 1906. Notes on the osteology of the thalattosaurian genus Nectosaurus. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 5(13):217-223
J. C. Merriam. 1895. On some Reptilian Remains from the Triassic of Northern California. American Journal of Science 50(295):55 DOI ↗
H.-E. Sauvage. 1883. Recherches sur les reptiles trouvés dans l'étage rhétien des environs d'Autun [Research on the reptiles found in the Rhaetian stage of the environs of Autun]. Annales des Sciences Géologiques 14(3):1-44