Image gallery
All images in the database — taxa, formations and geological intervals.
⚠ The image retrieval feature is currently being tested — irrelevant images may appear.
3,068 image(s)
Skeletal restoration of the titanosaurian sauropod Volgatitan. Only seven caudal vertebrae are known, and only six were well-preserved enough to be figured. A modified silhouette of the 6th vertebra is standing in for the seventh. The first vertebra does appear to actually be the first in the caudal series, although the precise locations of the other vertebrae are unknown. The silhouette is based on Mendozasaurus. The human silhouette is from File:Silhouette of man standing and facing forward.svg. The scale of the image at full size is 1px=1mm. References: (2018). "The oldest titanosaurian sauropod of the Northern Hemisphere". Biological Communications 63 (6): 145-162. DOI:10.21638/spbu03.2018.301. (2018). "Osteology of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Mendozasaurus neguyelap: implications for basal titanosaur relationships". Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (1): 136–181. DOI:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx103. Mendozasaurus skeletal reconstruction by randomdinos
Epapatelo otyikokolo holotype (MGUAN-PA650), left ulna. A) proximal, (B) posterior, (C) distal, (D) dorsal, (E) anterior, and (F) ventral views. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cotyle; B, bump; BT, biceps tubercle; F, fovea; FTG, flexor tendon groove; MS, muscle scar; OP, olecranon process; PC, posterior cotyle; PF, pneumatic foramen; and UT, ulnar tubercle; IMS, interosseous membrane scar; VP, ventral process.
Right premaxilla of Eotrachodon orientalis (holotype MSC 7949). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Rostral view. (C) Lateral view. (D) Rostral view of rostral layer of premaxillary denticles. (E) Ventral view of premaxillary denticles. (F) Ventral view. (G) Medioventral view.
Nemicolopterus crypticus holotype (IVPP V-14377). (A) Skeleton overview, and (B) schematic drawing. (C) Skull (right lateral view), and (D) schematic drawing. Abbreviations: cdv, caudal vertebrae; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebra; d1–d4, digits 1–4; f, frontal; fe, femur; h, humerus; hy, hyoid; il, illium; is, ischium; j, jugal; l, left; la, lacrimal; mand, mandible; mc, metacarpal; mt, metatarsal; naof, nasoantorbital fenestra; or, orbit; pa, parietal; pm, premaxilla; ph, phalanx; ti, tibia; r, right; sca, scapula. Scale bars: A–B, 100 mm; C–D, 5 mm.
Skeletal diagram of Inabtanin alarabia showing known fossil material of the holotype specimen (YUPC-INAB-6-001–010). Elements of the right wing are mirrored for the left side of the body. Scale bar=50 cm. Key =Holotype (YUPC-INAB-6-001–010) =Unknown References "New pterosaur remains from the Late Cretaceous of Afro-Arabia provide insight into flight capacity of large pterosaurs" "A new toothless pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea) from Southern Brazil with insights into the paleoecology of a Cretaceous desert" "Functional morphology of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)" "Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)" "A new toothless pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota with comments on the Chaoyangopteridae" "A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology"
Skeletal reconstruction of Camarillasaurus cirugedae, a spinosaurine from the Early Cretaceous Camarilla Formation of Spain. Based on the holotype MPG-KPC1-46 (in white), and referred material of the same specimen MPZ 2022/182 (in blue). Unknown material filled in using Spinosaurus, Irritator, Ichthyovenator, and Baryonyx. Total length is approximately 8.8 m through the centra. A partial sacrum and various other fragments are known but either unfigured or difficult to scale, so they aren't included here. Note: femur, tibia, and surangular/articular have been mirrored from the right side. References: Sánchez-Hernández and Benton, 2014 and Rauhut et al., 2025.
Holotype specimen of Bellubrunnus BSP XVIII–VFKO–A12. Scale bare 1 cm.
Preserved bones of Sanjuansaurus gordilloi (PVSJ 605), positioned as they were found in the field. Abbreviations: ca1–15, caudal vertebrae 1–15; c2–9, cervical vertebrae 2–9; d1–14, dorsal vertebrae 1–14; l Fe, left femur; l il, left ilium; l MII, left metatarsal II; l Sc, left scapula and coracoid; l Ti, left tibia; l Ul, left ulna; Ph, manual phalanx; R, rib; r As-Ca, right astragalus and calcaneum; r Fe, right femur; r Fi, right fibula; r Fe, right femur; r Mx, right maxilla; r Pu, right pubis; r Sc, right scapula and coracoid; r Ti, right tibia; s1–3, sacral vertebrae 1–3. Scale bars equals 20 cm.
Udelartitan is a titanosaurian sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of what is now Uruguay. It had the typical sauropod body plan, standing on four thick pillar-like legs, and possessing a long neck. Titanosaurs are a very diverse group, Udelartitan was a small one, estimated at only 15 m in body length. Though a skull has yet to be discovered, it probably had peglike teeth, and a large gut for processing vegetation.
Skeletal diagram of the Cuban pliosaurid Gallardosaurus iturraldei. The known material is shown in white and based on its original description.[1] Gray represents restored material, mostly modeled after Peloneustes philarchus,[2][3] slightly modified after Pliosaurus kevani[4] to appear more generic. While sometimes considered a close relative of Peloneustes, a more recent analysis failed to recover a stable position for it.[5] References ↑ Gasparini, Zulma (2009). "A new Oxfordian pliosaurid (Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae) in the Caribbean seaway". Palaeontology 52 (3): 661–669. ↑ Ketchum, Hilary F.; Benson, Roger J. (2011). "The cranial anatomy and taxonomy of Peloneustes philarchus (Sauropterygia, Pliosauridae) from the Peterborough member (Callovian, Middle Jurassic) of the United Kingdom". Palaeontology 54 (3): 639–665. ↑ Andrews, Charles William (1913) A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London, 2, British Museum (Natural History). Department of Geology ↑ Benson, R. B. J.; Evans, M.; Smith, A. S.; Sassoon, J.; Moore-Faye, S.; Ketchum, H. F.; Forrest, R. (2013). "A Giant Pliosaurid Skull from the Late Jurassic of England". PLoS ONE 8 (5): e65989. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0065989. PMID 23741520. PMC: 3669260. ↑ Páramo-Fonseca, María Eurídice, Cristian David Benavides-Cabra, and Ingry Esmirna Gutiérrez (2018). "A new large Pliosaurid from the Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Sáchica, Boyacá, Colombia". Earth Sciences Research Journal 22 (4): 223-238.
NHMUK PV R36621, holotype of Vectidraco daisymorrisae (except right ischium: see Figure 2). A, specimen as seen from left side, showing lateral surface of left side of pelvis and associated vertebrae; B, specimen as seen from right side, showing medial surface of left side of pelvis and associated vertebrae; C, specimen in dorsal view, anterior pointing down the page; D, specimen in ventral view, anterior pointing down the page.
Skeletal mount of the spinosaurine species Ichthyovenator laosensis at the Giga Dinosaur Exhibition in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo.
Skeletal reconsturion of alvarezsaurian dinosaur Shishugounykus inexpectus. Scale bar, 200 mm.
A life restoration of the Hadrosaur Aquilarhinus palimentus.
Ludodactylus sibbicki. A, B, holotype (SMNK PAL 3828) skull and lower jaw in right lateral view.
Aurorazhdarcho micronyx (specimen formerly classified as Pterodactylus longirostris) in Exposition temporaire: Perles
Austrosaurus mckillopi (QM F2316; holotype [part]) presacral vertebral series in left lateral view. Scale = 20 cm.
Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo, Brazil
A more complete specimen of Wapuskanectes betsynichollsae. TMP2012.50.1. (A) Dorsal view of the originally upside down remains recovered from north of the town of Fort McMurray, Alberta. The head and most of the neck were lost when intercepted by a grader during road construction. The right flipper was lost sometime in the Early Cretaceous prior to the final burial of the body. (B) The pelvic and abdominal regions of TMP2012.50.1 showing gastroliths (black arrows) within the body cavity that settled between the ribs of the inverted carcass and hint at a more substantial collection that is hidden inside the body cavity. Scale bars on body regions are 10 cm. Source credit: Sue Sabrowski, Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.
Hesperornithoides mount Wyoming Dinosaur Center, Thermopolis.
Vectipelta at Dinosaur Isle Museum, Isle of Wight, England
Partial wing of a czech pterosaur Cretornis hlavaci, discovered in 1880 near Choceň. National Museum in Prague.
Henan Geological Museum, Zhengzhou, China. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.
Reconstruction of the skull of Spinops sternbergorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Campanian of Dinosaur Provincial Park, southern Alberta, in right lateral view. Preserved elements are stippled; missing portions are dotted and modeled after Centrosaurus apertus.
Rhoetosaurus brownei (QM F1659; holotype [part]) right crus and pes in anterodorsal view. Scale = 20 cm.
Skull of troodontid theropod Xixiasaurus henanensis gen. et sp. nov. (HGM 41HIII−0201; holotype), lower–middle Majiacun Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Coniacian–Campanian), Henan Province, China; in dorsal (A); lateral (B), and ventral (C) views. Note that this version of the image does not include the interpretative lines of the version in the paper.
Skeletons of Gongshuilong fanwei in block 1 from the Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City (BGS-JX F001).
Skull diagram featuring the holotype skull (ROM 1790) of the ornithomimid Rativates evadens, from the Late Cretaceous period. Abbreviations: d, dentary; f, frontal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pm, premaxila; ps, paraphenoid.
CAMSM B.54485, holotype, rostrum fragment of Ornithostoma sedgwicki, in posterior, lateral, anterior, and ventral views. Owen's original, inccurate caption: Fig. 4. Side view of part of the proximal end of the metacarpal of the 5th or wing-finger. Fig. 5. Back (?) view of part of the proximal end of the metacarpal of the 5th or wing-finger.
Reconstructed skull of Archaeornithoides, known material in brown.
Skeleton mount of Dallasaurus turneri at the Perot Museum
Reconstructed skeletal mount of Nanuqsaurus hoglundi at the Perot Museum, Dallas, TX
Holotype skull of Wannanosaurus yansiensis on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.
Holotype of Jakapil kaniukura (MPCA-PV-630), postcranial bones. Speculative silhouette showing preserved elements (a); osteoderm distribution is speculative and partial to show non-osteodermal elements); dorsal vertebra elements in dorsal (b), right lateral (c) and anterior (d,e) views; sacral vertebra in left lateral view (f); mid-caudal vertebra in left lateral view (g); fragment of the mid-shaft of a dorsal rib in posterior view (the enlarged, broken posterior edge is highlighted (h); expanded distal ends of two dorsal ribs (i); left scapula in lateral view (j); right scapula in lateral view (k); right coracoid in lateral view (l); left and right humeri in anterior view (m); probable right ulna in lateral view (n); metacarpals, non-ungual and ungual phalanx in dorsal views (o); left femur elements in anterior view (p); proximal end of the right fibula in lateral view (q); distal end of the left tibia in anterior view (r); ischial elements in side view (s); cervical osteoderms in dorsal view (t), flat scutes in dorsal view (u), spine-like osteoderm in side view (v) and ossicle in dorsal view (w). ac acromial crest, aco asymmetrical cervical osteoderm, alp anterolateral process, ap acromial process, at anterior trochanter, bb basal bone, ebr expanded broken rib edge, di diapophysis, dpc deltopectoral crest, ft fourth trochanter, gl glenoid, mc metacarpals, nc neural canal, ncs neurocentral suture, ph non-ungual phalanx, pp pubic peduncle, poz postzygapophyses, rug marginal rugosities, sb scapular blade, sc scute, tp transverse process, uph ungual phalanx.
Riojavenatrix: "La Rioja huntress" Early Cretaceous, Europe
Holotype skull of Rhinorex condrupus from the Late Cretaceous Neslen Formation of Utah, Brigham Young University of Paleontology
Opisthocoelicaudia skeleton. Museum of Evolution in Warsaw
Opisthocoelicaudia skeleton. Museum of Evolution in Warsaw
Holotype rostrum FSAC-KK 5075 (A–E) and paratype mandibular symphysis FSAC-KK 5076 (F–H) of Leptostomia begaaensis. A in dorsal view; B, G in occlusal view; C, H in right lateral view; D in anterior view; E in posterior view and F in ventral view. Scale bars A–D, F–H represent 5 mm; D-E 1 mm
Reconstruction of the terrestrial paleoenvironmental setting of the Sao Khua Formation by Renata Cunha. In the center, a generalized spinosaurid feeds on a sauropod. This trophic relationship is hypothesized based on isolated tooth crowns found in association with a sauropod skeleton [67]. In the background, a small pack of the ornithomimosaur theropod Kinnareemimus. Both sauropods and ornithomimosaurs (as part of the “herbivorous” theropods) were found to be positively associated with terrestrial paleoenvironments by Butler and Barrett [15]. (cropped from File:Spinosaurid and Kinnareemimus.PNG)
Sachicasaurus vitae - holotype - Paja Formation, Colombia