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All images in the database — taxa, formations and geological intervals.
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3,068 image(s)
A–B, skull in dorsal view, C–E, anterior cervical vertebrae in left lateral (C), ventral (D) and anterior (E) views, F, H–I, left ilium in dorsal (F), lateral (H) and posterior (I) views, G, ‘pectoral’ vertebra; in left lateral view. In line drawing (B), grey tone indicates damage. Abbreviations: bs, basisphenoid; exof, exoccipital facet of basioccipital; jug, jugal; fr, frontal; hy, hyoid; lpmx, left premaxilla; mx, maxilla; occ, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; par, parietal; po, postorbital; popr, posterolateral process of prezygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; pt, pterygoid; qua, quadrate; rmx, right maxilla; rpmx, right premaxilla; scler, sclerotic ring; sq, squamosal. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A–B, F, H–I) and 20 mm (C–E, G).
Fossil of Koreaceratops found at Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Skeletal diagram of Oblitosaurus bunnueli showing known fossil material of the holotype specimen (CPT-1440, 1444, MAP-8290–8299). The element of the right manus is mirrored for the left side of the body. Scale bar=1 m. Key =Holotype (CPT-1440, 1444, MAP-8290–8299) =Unknown References "The largest ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic of Europe sheds light on the evolutionary history of basal ankylopollexians" "Reappraisal and new material of the holotype of Draconyx loureiroi (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) provide insights on the tempo and modo of evolution of thumb-spiked dinosaurs" "A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb" Uteodon skeletal by Scott Hartman Camptosaurus dispar skeletal by Scott Hartman Paul, Gregory S. (2024) The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (3rd ed.), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press ISBN: 9978-0-691-23157-0.
Aralazhdarcho bostobensis, ZIN PH 57/43, a proximal fragment of a left humerus in proximal (a), ventral (b), anterior (c), dorsal (d), and posterior (e) views. This specimen is from the Shakh Shakh II locality in the northeasten Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan; Bostobe Formation, Upper Cretaceous (Santonian – lower Campanian). Abbreviations: h, humeral head; pf, pneumatic foramen; uc, ulnar crest. Scale bar is 10 mm.
Maxilla of Geminiraptor suarezarum. (A)—Lateral view. (B)—Cranial view. (C)—Medial view. (D)—Ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm. alv = dental alveoli, iof = internal antorbital fenestra, mxf = maxillary fenestra, pf = promaxillary fenestra.
The theropod skull displays the distinctive features of this apex predator, including a long, robust snout, conical teeth, and strong jaw muscles adapted for gripping and tearing prey.
Figure 7: Diluvicursor pickeringi gen. et sp. nov. holotype (NMV P221080), schematic restoration in left lateral view, showing preserved bones (light shading) and incomplete caudal vertebrae (outlined). Abbreviations: as, astragalus; Ca #, designated caudal vertebral position; pd #, pedal digit number; tib, tibia.
Skeletal diagram of Draconyx loureiroi showing known fossil material of the holotype specimen (ML 357). Elements of the right manus and hindleg are mirrored to the left side of the body. Some bones, including a distal humerus and chevron assigned to the holotype by Mateus & Antunes (2001) but not mentioned by Rotatori, Moreno-Azanza & Mateus (2022) are not illustrated. Per the latter publication, a femur initially assigned to Draconyx belongs to a distinct taxon. Scale bar=1 m. Key =Holotype (ML 357) =Unknown References "Reappraisal and new material of the holotype of Draconyx loureiroi (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) provide insights on the tempo and modo of evolution of thumb-spiked dinosaurs" "Draconyx loureiroi, a new Camptosauridae (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Late Jurassic of Lourinhã, Portugal" Uteodon skeletal by Scott Hartman Camptosaurus dispar skeletal by Scott Hartman "A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb" "The largest ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic of Europe sheds light on the evolutionary history of basal ankylopollexians" Paul, Gregory S. (2024) The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (3rd ed.), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press ISBN: 9978-0-691-23157-0.
Pterodactylus sagittirostris, holotype NHMUK PV R 1823 (upper Berriasian / Valangianian, Hastings Group), part of the mandibular rami. A right lateral view B respective line drawing C left lateral view D respective line drawing E ventral view. Abbreviation: d – dentary. Arrows indicate alveoli or teeth. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.
Skeletal diagram of Infernodrakon hastacollis showing known fossil material of the holotype (BMR P2002.2) specimen. Scale bar=50 cm. Key =Holotype (BMR P2002.2) =Unknown References "Infernodrakon hastacollis gen. et sp. nov., a new azhdarchid pterosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana, and the pterosaur diversity of Maastrichtian North America" "Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)" "Functional morphology of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)" "Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators" Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni skeletal by Brennon Valdez, 2022
Life reconstruction of Macrogryphosaurus by Tom Parker. Missing elements filled in from Talenkauen.
Skeleton reconstructions of the azhdarchid pterosaurs Thanatosdrakon (left) and Aerotitan (right) in the Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio in Trelew, Argentina.
Skeleton reconstructions of the azhdarchid pterosaurs Thanatosdrakon (left) and Aerotitan (right) in the Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio in Trelew, Argentina.
Skeleton reconstruction of the holotype of the therizinosaur Erlikosaurus andrewsi, MPC-D 100/111. It was unearthed from the Bayan Shireh Formation, at the Bayshin Tsav locality. The holotype is very fragmentary, consisting of:[1][2] Complete skull, left humerus and right pes. Several cervical vertebrae fragments. Although fragmentary, the skull of Erlikosaurus has been greatly useful as a reference for other therizinosaurs. The articulated skull has become the focus in many studies due to its exceptional preservation, such as bite force estimates[3], mouth opening[4], niche partitioning[5], and cerebral capacity.[6] The cervical vertebrae were not illustrated in the original descriptions, and the count is unknown, however, Perle claimed that they resemble those of the contemporary relative Segnosaurus.[2] Color Key Known Unknown
Life restoration of Albalophosaurus as a basal marginocephalian pachycephalosaur. Based on the holotype specimen, and the missing parts in a combination of the taxa Wannanosaurus, Goyocephale and Yinlong (original basis). Coloration based on the Siberian musk deer.
Holotypic braincase of Athenar bermani (CM 26552) in anterior (A, C) and posterior (B, D) views. Abbreviations: BO, basioccipital; BS, basisphenoid; BT, basal tubera; CPR, crista prootica; EO-OP, exoccipital-opisthotic; F, frontal; LS, laterosphenoid; OS, orbitosphenoid; P, parietal; PO, postorbital; POP, paroccipital process; PR, prootic; S, shelf overhanging the opening for cranial nerve V; SOC, supraoccipital; SQ, squamosal; I, opening for cranial nerve I; II, opening for cranial nerve II; IV, opening for cranial nerve IV; V, opening for cranial nerve V.
Thigh bone of kangnasaurus, a large ornithopod dinosaur that lived in the Northern Cape around 120 Mya
Holotype (MTM V 2009.192.1) of Ajkaceratops kozmai .mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}Ősi et al., 2010 (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia), fused rostral and premaxillae, in lateral view, length of scale bar = 1 cm.
Reconstruction of the skull of Tlatolophus galorum by sculptor Samuel Nieves Tlapaya (El Alebrije Prehistórico). Displayed in the lobby of the hosting hotel of the 12th Latin American Congress of Paleontology, held in Puebla, Mexico, during the first week of March 2025.
Gandititan is a basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of what is now China. It was a long-necked herbivore, typical of sauropods, with a relatively short tail, a characteristic of titanosaurs compared to other sauropods. Titanosauria have a wide range of body sizes, and Gandititan falls around the middle, slightly on the smaller side. Discovered with a fairly well articluated spine from neck to tail, Gandititan is estimated at about 14 m in total body length.
Fossil of Eretmosaurus, an extinct reptile-- Took the photo at Natural History Museum, London
The European troodontid Tamarro insperatus (MCD-7073) gen. et sp. nov. from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the Tremp Group, Tremp Basin, Southern Pyrenees. Photographic and interpretative ilustrations of the right second metatarsal in anterior (A-A’), lateral (B-B’), posterior (C–C’), medial (D-D’), and distal (F-F’) views. Scheme illustrating the gradual transition of the articular surface–grey arrow–for the accommodation of the metatarsal III (E). Detail of the distal end of the metatarsal II in anterior view showing the anterior contact surface of the metatarsal III (G). Detail of the articular surface of the metatarsal IV in the posterodistal part of the second metatarsal (H) ant anterior; f foramen; lat lateral; lc medial condyle; mc, lateral condyle; II–III contact between the second and third metatarsals; II–IV contact between the second and fourth metatarsals; plr plantar ridge; s sulcus.
Charonosaurus jiayinensis in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, in Brussels (Belgium).
The incomplete skeleton of Cetiosauriscus stewarti (BMNH R3078) mounted prior to display in around 1903. Photographed in the BMNH, and reproduced courtesy of the Leeds family, with layout by J. J. Liston. Note the similarity of this photograph to the drawing of the skeleton in Woodward (1905); previously figured in Anon. (1924) and Naish & Martill (2008).[1][2]
Helioceratops brachygnathus restoration based on fossil images.
Left femur of cf. Iguanodontidae gen. et sp. indet. (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda), IGP MZHLZ/2003/1, in posterior (A), lateral (B), medial (C), ante− rior (D), and distal (F) views, with transverse cross−section through the femoral shaft (E).
Premaxilla and dentary of Technosaurus smalli in the collections of the Museum of Texas Tech University.
Holotype of Ferrisaurus sustutensis, RBCM P900, on display in the Okanagan Heritage Museum exhibition Dinosaurs of BC, June-September 2024.
Cervical vertebrae of rebbachisaurid sauropod Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado, 2013a from the Cenomanian–Turonian Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. A. UNPSJB-PV 1007/1, anterior cervical vertebra in anterior (A1) and right ventrolateral (A2) views. B. UNPSJB-PV 1007/2, anterior cervical vertebra in right lateral view. C. UNPSJB-PV 1007/3, middle cervical vertebra in right lateral view. Lateral fossae of the centrum (hypothesized as pneumatic in origin) indicated by arrows.
Digital drawing of the known skeletal remains of Sacisaurus agudoensis. Known elements represented in white.
Rebbachisaurid sauropod Lavocatisaurus agrioensis gen. et sp. nov. from Agrio del Medio (Argentina), Aptian–lower Albian. A. MOZ-Pv1232, axis in lateral view (A1, photograph; A2, drawing); eight cervical vertebrae in lateral view view (A3, photograph; A4, drawing, ); anterior caudal vertebra in lateral view (A5); middle caudal vertebra in lateral view (A6); posterior caudal vertebra in lateral view (A7); posteriormost caudal vertebra in lateral view (A8); left tibia in lateral view (A9). B. MOZ-Pv 1255, left scapula from a juvenile specimen, in lateral view. C. Skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype and paratype specimens. Scale bars 10 cm.
Comparison of the holotype (BRSMG Cg3178, A and C right surangular, BAS specimen) and referred specimen (BRSMG Cg2488, B and D left surangular, Lilstock specimen) of Ichthyotitan severnensis gen. et sp. nov. To ease comparison, A and C have been reversed. A-B. Lateral view of both surangulars showing same unique shape; note the upturned, almost 90-degree angle bend and the spatulate-shaped posterior end. C-D. Medial view of both surangulars displaying same morphology posteriorly; anteriorly the Lilstock specimen (D) has been heavily eroded and distorted along its length. Note the position of an elongated foramen on the lateral surface (A-B), identified as part of the fossa surangularis that passes through the bone into the Meckelian canal. See also the damaged (?)angular that is articulated with the surangular and defined by a continuous groove (?suture) as seen in Fig 2H.
Life restoration of Kaijiangosaurus lini, a Chinese theropod dinosaur. Based mainly on several of Paul's skeletals, especially his Sinraptor.
Manual bones of Martharaptor greenriverensis (UMNH VP 21400). (A)–Presumed metacarpal I. (B)–Presumed phalanx I-1. (C)–Penultimate phalanx. (D) Penultimate phalanx. (E)–Unidentified phalanx. (F)–Unidentified phalanx. (G)–Ungual of digit I. (H)–Ungual of digit I. (I)–Ungual of digit II. (J)–Ungual of digit II. (K)–Ungual of digit III. (L)–Ungual of digit III. Scale bar = 50 mm. Numbers on sub-figures refer to proximal (1), distal (2), dorsal (3), palmar (4), and side (5) views; for side views, whether the side is medial or lateral cannot be determined.
Skeletal reconstruction of the giant leptoceratopsid Udanoceratops tschizhovi, based on the holotype specimen PIN 3907/11. Postcranial remains are mentioned in the original describing paper but were not described/illustrated.[1] A few vertebrae are figured and described in papers by Tereschhenko, and have been referenced for this skeletal.[2][3][4] Axial length ~3.5 m (11 ft), which agrees with 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) estimates.[3] Color Key Known Unknown References ↑ (in Russian) (1992). "Новый род протоцератопсид из позднего мела Монголии". Paleontological Journal: 81−93. ↑ (2007). "Key to Protoceratopoid Vertebrae (Ceratopsia, Dinosauria) from Mongolia". Paleontological Journal 41: 175−188. DOI:10.1134/S0031030107020086. ↑ a b (2008). "Adaptive Features of Protoceratopsids (Ornithischia: Neoceratopsia)". Paleontological Journal 42 (3): 50−64. DOI:10.1134/S003103010803009X. ↑ (2015). "Methods for Size Reconstruction in Distorted and Damaged Vertebrae of Fossil Tetrapods". Paleontological Journal 49: 293−303. DOI:10.1134/S0031030115030120.
Skull of Caiuajara dobruskii gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, CP.V 1449) with the shape of an adult individual. Scale bar equals 50: d, dentary; dcr, dentary crest; dep, depression; exp, ventral expansion of the premaxilla; f, frontal; fcr, frontal crest; fo, foraminae; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; pmcr, premaxillary crest; q, quadrate; soc, supraoccipital. The quadrate is inverted.
Skeletal diagrams of Patagopelta cristata as a parankylosaur, showing known osteoderms (top) and appendicular/axial skeleton (bottom). Osteoderms are placed in approximate life position as proposed by Riguetti et al. 2022. Scale bar=50 cm. Illustrated osteoderms include the holotype specimen, MPCA-SM-78 (a cervical half-ring element), paratype specimens—710 (a right quadratojugal boss; mirrored), 700b (an osteoderm associated with the vertebra 700a), 711 and 712 (cervical half-ring osteoderms), 41a, 41b, 42a (mirrored), 715, 720, and 721 (postcervical osteoderms)—and referred material, MACN-PV-RN 1149 (five osteoderms). Illustrated non-osteoderm bones include MPCA-SM-700a (partial cervical neural arch), 68, 69, and 70 (dorsal vertebrae), 703 (synsacral compound elements), 71, 72, 73, and 708 (caudal vertebrae), 1 (complete right femur), and 709 (distal ~1/3 of left femur). Several bones were not illustrated as they have not been scientifically figured or would decrease diagram readability. These include MPCA-SM-713 and 714 (cervical half-ring osteoderms) 42b, 43, 74, 75, 76, 716, 717, 718, 719, 722, 723, 724, and 725 (postcervical osteoderms), 77 (a tooth), 701 and 702 (dorsal vertebrae), 704 (a synsacral compound element belonging to a smaller individual), and 705, 706, and 707 (caudal vertebrae). Key =Known fossil material =Unknown References "A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia (Río Negro Province, Argentina)" "New ankylosaur (Thyreophora, ornithischia) remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia" "South American ankylosaurs" in "The Armored Dinosaurs" "Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile" Kunbarrasaurus skeletal diagram by Ashley Patch "Cranial osteology of the ankylosaurian dinosaur formerly known as Minmi sp. (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Lower Cretaceous Allaru Mudstone of Richmond, Queensland, Australia"
Tochisaurus nemegtensis gen. et sp. n. 1. Left metatarsus, anterior view; stereophotograph. PIN 551-224. 2. Drawing of the same metatarsus in anterior view; parts filled with plaster are marked.
Holotype of Ischioceratops zhuchengensis (ZCDM V0016) in right lateral view. Photograph (A), drawing (B) and reconstruction of holotype individual (C). Abbreviations: cv, caudal vertebrae; lil, left ilium; ot, ossified tendons; rfem, right femur; rfib, right fibula; ril, right ilium; ris, right ischium; rtib, right tibia.
Morphobank media number: M323733 Taxonomic name: † Lutungutali sitwensis Specimen: † Lutungutali sitwensis (NHCC:LB32) View: lateral Side represented: left side Media loaded by: MorphoBank Curator Copyright holder: Brandon Peecook Bibligraphical reference: Peecook, B.R., C.A. Sidor, S.J. Nesbitt, R.M.H. Smith, J.S. Steyer, K.D. Anigelczyck. 2013. A New Silesaurid from the Upper Ntawere Formation of Zambia (Middle Triassic) Demonstrates the Rapid Diversification of Silesauridae (Avemetatarsalia, Dinosauriformes). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (5):1127-1137.
Holotype of Aymberedactylus cearensis gen. et sp. nov. (MN 7596-V). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Right lateral view. Abbreviations: ang = angular, d = dentary, dfo = dentary fossa, glfo = glenoid fossa, rapr = retroarticular process, san = surangular, sys = symphyseal shelf.
Skeletal diagram of Gasosaurus constructus illustrating the known and unknown material. Scale bar = 1m, unknown material restored after both Allosaurus "jimmadseni" and Sinraptor dongi.