Galerie d'images
Toutes les images de la base — taxons, formations et intervalles géologiques.
⚠ La fonctionnalité de récupération des images est en cours de test, des images non pertinentes peuvent apparaître.
3,067 image(s)
Extinct monsters and creatures of other days: a popular account of some of the larger forms of ancient animal life, by Rev. H. N. Hutchinson. With illustrations by J. Smit, Alice B. Woodward, J. Green, Charles Knight, and others.
Fossil of Pterosaur, an extinct flying dinosaur, at the ceiling of the Scientific Experiments Center in Sazova Park, Rskişehir, Turkey.
Autor fotografie Jiří Zelenka. Brontosaurus - Pteranodon (kresba). Dětský obrázek. Czech Republic.
Anhanguerid pterosaur Uktenadactylus rodriguesae sp. nov., IWCMS 2014.82, Sudmoor Point, Isle of Wight, England, Barremian. In anterior (A1), left (A2) and right (A3) lateral, posterior (A4), and palatal (A5) views. Photographs by BH.
The excavation site of NHMUK PV R36730 ("Sophie" the Stegosaurus) at Red Canyon Ranch near Shell, Bighorn County, Wyoming, July 2004. Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic. Photographed at the beginning of the dig.
Сравнение размеров человека и крупнейших известных представителей основных клад динозавров. Размер основан на: Supersaurus : Lovelace, David M.; Hartman, Scott A.; Wahl, William R. (2007). "Morphology of a specimen of Supersaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, and a re-evaluation of diplodocid phylogeny" Arquivos do Museu Nacional. 65 (4): 527–544. Spinosaurus : Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Maganuco, Simone; Fabri, Matteo; Martill, David M.; Zouhri, Samir; Myhrvold, Nathan; Lurino, Dawid A. (2014). "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur". Science. 345 (6204): 1613–6 "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur" Shantungosaurus : Zhao, X.; Li, D.; Han, G.; Hao, H.; Liu, F.; Li, L.; Fang, X. (2007). "Zhuchengosaurus maximus from Shandong Province". Acta Geoscientia Sinica Triceratops : Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Stegosaurus : Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,Winter 2011 Appendix Благодарности: Scott A. Hartman - (http://www.skeletaldrawing.com/) randomdinos - https://www.deviantart.com/randomdinos Hai Xing, Jordan C. Mallon, Margaret L. Currie Fig. 2 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175253.g002) in: Supplementary cranial description of the types of Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae), with comments on the phylogenetics and biogeography of Hadrosaurinae. PLoS ONE 12(4):e0175253, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175253 Franoys (https://www.deviantart.com/franoys/art/Spinosaurus-aegyptiacus-skeletal-FSAC-kk-11888--706404751) Slate Weasel (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Slate_Weasel)
Scale diagram of the largest known dinosaurs (length and mass) of five major clades: Sauropoda (Argentinosaurus huinculensis) Ornithopoda (Shantungosaurus giganteus) Theropoda (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) Thyreophora (Stegosaurus ungulatus) Marginocephalia (Triceratops prorsus) Compared in size with a human. Each grid section represents 1 square meter. Scale based on Paul 2010[1]</ref> and Carpenter 2006.[2]
رسم بياني يُظهر أحجام أكبر أنواع الديناصورات المعروفة (الطول والكتلة) من خمسة فروع حيوية: طويلات الأعناق أو الصوروبودات (Argentinosaurus huinculensis)، وطيرية القدم أو الأورنيثوبودات (Shantungosaurus giganteus)، الثيروبودات (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus)، والمُدرعات (Stegosaurus ungulatus) ومُهدبة الرأس (Triceratops prorsus). مُقارنة بحجم الإنسان. كل مربع يُقابله متر مُربع واحد. *مُقتبسة من رسومات بيانية صنعها كل من: ArthurWeasley، Steveoc 86، Dropzink، وPiotr Jaworski
Comparison of Dinosaurs size (scale diagram), featuring Argentinosaurus (36 meters), Spinosaurus (18 meters), Shantungosaurus (15 meters), Stegosaurus (9-10 meters) and Triceratops (9 meters). Based on drawings by Nobu Tamura ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triceratops_BW.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_BW2.png, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stegosaurus_BW.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shantungosaurus-v4.jpg ) and Zachi Evenor ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Argentinosaurus-ZE-001.png ).
Comparison of Dinosaurs size (scale diagram), featuring Argentinosaurus (36 meters), Spinosaurus (18 meters), Edmontosaurus (12 meters), Stegosaurus (10 meters) and Triceratops (9 meters). Based on drawings by Nobu Tamura ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triceratops_BW.jpg , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_BW2.png , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stegosaurus_BW.jpg , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatotitan_BW.jpg ) and Zachi Evenor ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Argentinosaurus-ZE-001.png ).
Aprox. length of the creatures in this image: Puertasaurus (Green): 30 m Futalognkosaurus (Dark Blue): 26 m Shantungosaurus (Olive): 15 m Stegosaurus (Pink): 7,5 m Triceratops (Light Blue): 8 m Supersaurus (Dark Grey): 35 m Apatosaurus (Reddish Orange): 26 m Spinosaurus (Yellow): 14 m Homo sapiens (Black): 1,8 m
Raiyoli Dinosaur Fossil Park Gujarat - Jurassic Park and Dinasoure Museum in Raiyoli-Balsinor India
Simplified cladogram of Iguanodontia, drawn by me, based on Norman 2004 ("Basal Iguanodontia" in The Dinosauria 2nd Edition).
An illustration based on by Slate Weasel. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iguanodon_Skeletal.svg
Size chart for Iguanodon bernissartensis, based on an illustration by ArthurWeasley
Catalogue of casts of fossils, from the principal museums of Europe and America, with short descriptions and illustrations,
Comparisons of the size of the bony core and keratinous sheath of the parascapular spine of Borealopelta to modern bovid and squamate analogues. (A) Absolute size of the bone core (horncore or osteoderm) (yellow) and the overlying keratinous/horn sheath (grey) for the parascapular spine of TMP 2011.033.0001 (top) as well as averages for several bovid and squamate taxa (lower). (B) Schematic representations of the relative bony and keratinous components of select spines/horns (adjusted to same size). Data for Oreamnos americanus (n = 6, 20) and Oreamnos harringtoni (n = 10, 13) from Mead & Lawler (1995), Bos (n = 18) from Grigson (1975), Antilocapra (n = 3) and Bison (n = 18) from Borkovic (2013), Ovis nivicola (n = 2), Ovis dalli (n = 2), Ovis ammon (n = 2), Ovis canadensis nelsoni (n = 5), Ovis canadensis canadensis (n = 8), Capra ibex sibirica (n = 4) and Capra ibex ibex (n = 5) from Bubenik (1990), Trioceros (n = 1) from TMP 1990.007.0350, Phrynosoma solare (n = 1) from LACM 123351, and P. asio (n = 1) from WLH 1093.
Borealopelta is one of the best preserved dinosaurs in the fossil record. Typical of nodosaurs, it had an armored back and long spikes protruding from the shoulders. The known specimen is so well preserved, the fossilized skin reveals Borealopelta had a dark reddish-brown coloration on its back, countershaded with lighter skin tones lower on its belly.
Paratype mandibles of Infernogallus jamesi. Photographs (a, c, e, g, i, k) and illustrations (b, d, f, h, j, l) of ROM VP 64193, fused left and right dentaries (a–f) and associated left articular-surangular-coronoid complex (ROM VP 64194; g–l), in dorsal (a, b, g, h), ventral (c, d, i, j), and left lateral (e, f, k, l) views. Abbreviations: ang, angular; :ang, contact for articular; aor, anterior occlusal ridge; art, articular; core, coronoid eminence; cor:sur suture between coronoid and surangular; :dent, contact for dentary; dep, depression; emf, external mandibular fenestra; for, foramen; gen, geniogloussus attachment; lg, lingual groove; lor, lateral occlusal ridge; lr, lingual ridge; lt, lingual tubercle; mg, Meckelian groove; :pre, contact for prearticular; sulc, midline sulcus; sur, surangular; sur:art, suture between surangular and articular; tub*, autapomorphic tubercle on the posteroventral process of the dentary.
Paratype dentaries of Infernogallus jamesi. Three-dimensional model of NDGS 4351 in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), bisected medial (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Abbreviations: dblvg, dorsal branch of the longitudinal vascular groove; emf, external mandibular fenestra; f, foramen; loag, labial anterior occlusal groove; laor, labial anterior occlusal ridge; lap, lateral pneumatopore; lblvg, lateral branch of the longitudinal vascular groove; lip, lingual pneumatopore; lg, lingual groove; lor, lateral occlusal ridge; lr, lingual ridge; lrt, lingual ridge tubercle; lvg, longitudinal vascular groove; maog, midline anterior occlusal groove; maor, medial anterior occlusal ridge; mblvg, medial branch of the longitudinal vascular groove; mf, mandibular fossa; mg, Meckelian groove; mm, depression for the M. genioglossus; pa?, possible articulation facet for the prearticular; pdp, posterodorsal process; pvp, posteroventral process; pvpr, posteroventral process ridge; sa, articulation surface for the ASC complex; ss, symphyseal shelf. Scale bar is 1 cm.
Reconstruction of anteroposterior movement of the mandible during the chewing stroke in Infernogallus jamesi. Three-dimensional models of the skull and mandible showing potential mandible positions based on contact of the articular and quadrate, and resulting adductor musculature orientations. From rest (a), contraction of the m. depressor mandibulae would open the mouth (b). Contraction of the the mm. pterygoideus in this position would move the mandible forwards (c). This anterior movement would increase the anteroposterior orientations of the temporal adductor musculature (see also Supplementary Fig. 7a–c). Contraction of the temporal adductor muscles in this position would bring the mandible upwards and backwards (c). This movement would enable manipulation and compression of foods between the triturating features of the dentary and the maxillovomeral process of the palate (d). Blue arrows and text indicate inferred motions, black text indicates muscle groups contracting. M depressor mandibulae could not be reconstructed based on the areas exposed in ROM VP 65050, but it has deeply conserved attachments on the posterior process of the squamosal and retroarticular process of the mandible in archosaurs 5 . In positions (c, d), the m depressor mandibulae would rest medial to the quadratojugal.
Infernogallus jamesi (ROM VP 65050). Photograph (a) and line drawing (b) of ROM VP 65050. c Skeletal reconstruction of Infernogallus jamesi based on ROM VP 65050 and other eucaenagnathines (shaded areas are preserved in ROM 65050). (d) Palaeohistological thin section of the femur of ROM VP 65050, showing lines of arrested growth (arrows) and an external fundamental system indicative of advanced age and skeletal maturity. cv cervical vertebrae, dv dorsal vertebrae, efs external fundamental system, fe femur, ga gastralia, hu humerus, il ilium, ma manus, pb pubis, pp plane-polarised light, sc scapulacoracoid, sk skull, tb tibia, xp cross-polarised light. Scale bars as indicated.
Cranial anatomy of Infernogallus jamesi. Photograph (a) and line drawing (b) of the skull of ROM VP 65050 in left lateral view. (c) µCT reconstruction of the skull and mandible, with each bone segmented separately (colours) and retrodeformed (see “Methods”). (d) µCT reconstruction with the mandible removed to show the palatal bones, which protrude ventrally below the cheek margin and the mandibular articulation point of the quadrate. (e) idealised reconstruction of the skull and mandible as they would have appeared in life, showing distinctive reduction of infratemporal fenestra (blue arrow), and rearrangement of pterygoid musculature (orange line) compared to archetypal oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae (f). Dotted blue lines in (e, f) outline internal features obscured by overlying mandibles. bo basioccipital, ect ectopterygoid, fr frontal, j jugal, lac lacrimal, lts laterosphenoid, mvp maxillovomeral process, mPTv pterygoideus ventralismuscle, mx maxilla, p parietal, pal palatine, pbs parabasiphenoid, pmx premaxilla, po postorbital, pt pterygoid, q quadrate, qj quadratojugal, sq squamosal, v vomer. Scale bar as indicated.
Cranial anatomy of Infernogallus jamesi. Photograph (a) and line drawing (b) of the skull of ROM VP 65050 in left lateral view. (c) µCT reconstruction of the skull and mandible, with each bone segmented separately (colours) and retrodeformed (see “Methods”). (d) µCT reconstruction with the mandible removed to show the palatal bones, which protrude ventrally below the cheek margin and the mandibular articulation point of the quadrate. (e) idealised reconstruction of the skull and mandible as they would have appeared in life, showing distinctive reduction of infratemporal fenestra (blue arrow), and rearrangement of pterygoid musculature (orange line) compared to archetypal oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae (f). Dotted blue lines in (e, f) outline internal features obscured by overlying mandibles. bo basioccipital, ect ectopterygoid, fr frontal, j jugal, lac lacrimal, lts laterosphenoid, mvp maxillovomeral process, mPTv pterygoideus ventralismuscle, mx maxilla, p parietal, pal palatine, pbs parabasiphenoid, pmx premaxilla, po postorbital, pt pterygoid, q quadrate, qj quadratojugal, sq squamosal, v vomer. Scale bar as indicated.
Neck and body blocks of the holotype of Infernogallus jamesi. Photograph (a) and line drawing (b) of neck block of ROM VP 65050, extending from cervical vertebra 5 to the scapulacoracoid. Photograph (c) and line drawing (d) of body block, extending from dorsal vertebra 5 to the acetabulum of the pelvis. Abbreviations: cor, coracoid; c6, cervical vertebra 6; c12, cervical vertebra 12; cd1–3, cervicodorsal vertebrae 1 to 3; d9, dorsal vertebra 9; furc, furcula; gas, gastralia; hum, humerus; il, ilia; l.fem, left femur; l.pub, left pubis; l.tib, left tibia; r.fem, right femur; sr, sternal ribs; st, sternal plate; scap, scapula. Scale bar as indicated.
Hand and foot of the holotype of Infernogallus jamesi. Photograph (a), line drawing (b), and reconstruction (c) of the right manus of ROM VP 65050 in lateral view (a, b) and in extensor view (c). Photograph (d) of the surface-collected pedal elements of ROM VP 65050 in extensor view. Abbreviations: I-1, phalanx I-1; II-2, phalanx II-2; III-2, phalanx III-2; III-4, phalanx III-4; IV-2, phalanx IV-2; mt I, metatarsal I; mt II, metatarsal II.
Palaeohistology of the holotype of Infernogallus jamesi. Palaeohistological thin sections of the femur (a–d), fibula (e, f) and metatarsal II (g, h) of ROM VP 65050 in plane-polarized light (a,b, e–h) and cross-polarized light (c, d). Blue boxes in (a, c, e, g) show the locations of insets (b, d, f, h). Close-ups (b, d, f, h) show the external cortical region, with lines of arrested growth (arrows) becoming closely packed towards the periosteal surface and increasing organization of bone matrix fibers, indicative of reduced annual growth rates and skeletal maturity.
(e) idealised reconstruction of the skull and mandible as they would have appeared in life, showing distinctive reduction of infratemporal fenestra (blue arrow), and rearrangement of pterygoid musculature (orange line) compared to archetypal oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae (f). Dotted blue lines in (e, f) outline internal features obscured by overlying mandibles. mvp maxillovomeral process, mPTv pterygoideus ventralismuscle, pt pterygoid
Type specimen of Nipponopelta yezoensis (MCM A522), took in the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum.
Stratigraphical distribution of known dinosaurian fauna across the Wessex Formation spread, split into the three dinosaurian clades: theropods, ornithischians and sauropods to determine faunal assemblage diversity and sympatry across the Wessex Formation (see supplementary material for full details of taxa locations). The black silhouette represents the stratigraphical location of Invictibellatrix. Silhouettes by Daniel D. Folkes.
Invictibellatrix is a megaraptoran theropod that lived during the Early Cretaceous period in what is now England. It is the first megaraptoran discovered in Europe, shedding light on how this group diversified and dispersed throughout the Cretaceous. Invictibellatrix is the smallest known megaraptoran, at an estimated 3-4 m in total body length.
Speculative life restoration of Invictibellatrix amberina, the first megaraptoran dinosaur described from Europe, based off of T.K. Robinson’s composite megaraptoran skeletal: https://incinerox.artstation.com/projects/J9aV0d
Photographs of the holotype braincase (NHMUK PV R6775) of I. amberina in A: anterior, B: posterior; C: right lateral; D: left lateral; E: ventral; F: dorsal views. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; boc, basioccipital crest; bpr, basipterygoid recess; bsr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tubera; btw, basituberal web; CN, cranial nerves V, VII; cp, cultriform process; cvl, crista ventrolateralis of basisphenoid; fm, foramen magnum; oc, occipital condyle; ova, fenestra ovalis; pcr, paracondylar recess; pit, depression of the pituitary gland within the pituitary fossa; pp, paraoccipital process; prp, preotic pendant; psncr, parasagittal nuchal crest recess; scr, sub-condylar recess; snc, parasagittal nuchal crest; sok, supraoccipital knob; sta, sella turcica. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
Line drawings of the holotype braincase (NHMUK PV R6775) of I. amberina in A: anterior, B: posterior; C: right lateral; D: left lateral; E: ventral; F: dorsal views. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; boc, basioccipital crest; bpr, basipterygoid recess; bsr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tubera; btw, basituberal web; CN, cranial nerves V, VII; cp, cultriform process; cvl, crista ventrolateralis of basisphenoid; fm, foramen magnum; oc, occipital condyle; ova, fenestra ovalis; pcr, paracondylar recess; pit, depression of the pituitary gland within the pituitary fossa; pp, paraoccipital process; prp, preotic pendant; psncr, parasagittal nuchal crest recess; scr, sub-condylar recess; snc, parasagittal nuchal crest; sok, supraoccipital knob; sta, sella turcica. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
Photographs (left) and line drawings (right) of the holotype braincase (NHMUK PV R6775) of Invictibellatrix amberina in A: anterior, B: posterior; C: right lateral; D: left lateral; E: ventral; F: dorsal views. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; boc, basioccipital crest; bpr, basipterygoid recess; bsr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tubera; btw, basituberal web; CN, cranial nerves V, VII; cp, cultriform process; cvl, crista ventrolateralis of basisphenoid; fm, foramen magnum; oc, occipital condyle; ova, fenestra ovalis; pcr, paracondylar recess; pit, depression of the pituitary gland within the pituitary fossa; pp, paraoccipital process; prp, preotic pendant; psncr, parasagittal nuchal crest recess; scr, sub-condylar recess; snc, parasagittal nuchal crest; sok, supraoccipital knob; sta, sella turcica. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
Numbers above nodes represent bootstrap values, whereas those beneath nodes represent Bremer decay values. Bootstrap values lower than 20 and Bremer decay values less than 2 are not shown.
Tromerosaurus is a medium-sized tyrannosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Canada. It was a bipedal carnivore that grew to approximately 7 m in total body length. Tromerosaurus had many intermediate traits found among contemporary tyrannosaurs, revealing insight about how different lineages diverged and coexisted.
Life restoration of the albertosaurine tyrannosaur tromerosaurus solumons, based off the skeletal reconstruction from Powers et. al: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2026.2728669
Line drawings of the holotype skull of Spatulidentatus breviceps (GMG10) as preserved in its flattened and distorted state. At left is a grayscale version indicating general regions and anatomy (skull [upper jaw, skull roof, mandible], teeth, palate, and cervical bones), with the external nares (ext. nares) and orbit labeled. At right is a color-coded version distinguishing each skull bone with a different color. Both skulls are to the same scale; scale bar=5 cm.
Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences.
Fossil of Pinacosaurus, an ankylosaurian dinosaur Took the photo at Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Brussels
Skull of Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus at Makuhari Messe
Fossil of Pinacosaurus, an ankylosaurid dinosaur Took the photo at Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Brussels
