vertèbre

Complete specimen of the Laueropterus vitriolus holotype (LF 6268). The holotype specimen seen under natural light. Major elements are labeled. Abbreviations as follows here and in subsequent figures: ca, caudal vertebra; cp, carpal; cv, cervical vertebrae; dv, dorsal vertebra; fe, femur; hu, humerus; mn, mandible; mt, metatarsal; ph, phalanges; pmm, premaxilla-maxilla; pp, prepubis; pt, pteroid; pv, pelvic plate; r, rib; sa, sacrum; sc, scapulocoracoid; sk, skull part; st, sternum; ta, tarsals; ti, tibia; ul, ulna; un, ungual; wpx, wing phalanges; wmc, wing metacarpal. Scale bar = 100 mm.

aff. Quetzalcoatlus, cervical vertebra (FSAC-OB 14). In (A), dorsal view, (B) ventral view; (C), left lateral view, and (D), anterior view. Abbreviations: dlr = dorsolateral ridge; hyp = hypapophysis; nsp = neural spine; pex = postexapophysis; poz = postzygapophysis; prz = prezygapophysis; pzl = prezygapophyseal laminae; vfo = ventral fossa, Maastrichtian, Ouled Abdoun basin, Morocco

Bothriospondylus suffossus. Fig. 1. Hind view of terminal centrum of sacral vertebra. Fig. 2. Right side view of the same. Fig. 3. hæmal view of the same. Fig. 4. Neural view of mutilated centrum of sacral vertebra, restored in outline. Fig. 5. Right side view of the same. Fig. 6. hæmal view of the same, restored in outline. All the figures are of the natural size. From the Kimmeridge Clay at Swindon, Wilts. In the British Museum.

Titanosaurus indicus holotypic distal caudal vertebra.

Restored skull and neck vertebra of Anzu wyliei (previously labelled as a specimen of Chirostenotes)

Restored skull and neck vertebra of Anzu wyliei (previously labelled as a specimen of Chirostenotes)

Restored skull and neck vertebra of Anzu wyliei (previously labelled as a specimen of Chirostenotes)

Cervical Vertebra of Crymocetus (formerly Plesiosaurus) Bernardi, nat. size. Fig. 1. Front view. Fig. 2. Back view of spinous process. Fig. 3. Side view. Fig. 4. Under view. From the Upper Chalk of Sussex. In the Collection of the late Fred. Dixon, Esq., F.G.S., of Worthing.

CMN 50791, mid-cervical vertebra (C6) of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis. (A) posterior view; (B) anterior view; (C) ventral view; (D) dorsal view; (E) right lateral view; (F) left lateral view. Abbreviations: cpf, central pneumatic foramen; epi, epipophyses; iprl, interprezygapophyseal lamina; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process; vtp, ventral triangular plateau. Scale bar equals 10 cm.

Microcoelus patagonicus Dorsal vertebra.

Honghesaurus longicaudalis gen. et sp. nov., Holotype (IVPP V30380). Photo (a) and line-drawing (b) of whole specimen. c, cervical vertebra; ca, caudal vertebra; d, dorsal vertebra; s, sacral vertebra.

Luopingosaurus imparilis gen. et sp. nov., Holotype (IVPP V19049). Photo (a) and line-drawing (b) of whole specimen. c, cervical vertebra; ca, caudal vertebra; d, dorsal vertebra; s, sacral vertebra.

Diagnostic skeletal elements of the type specimen of Franconiasaurus brevispinus gen. et sp. nov. (BT 011224.00). (A) main slab showing partly articulated skeleton in dorsal view. Posterior part of right mandibular ramus in (B) lateral and (C) dorsal aspect; anterior cervical vertebra (D) in articular and (E) lateral view; (F) posterior cervical vertebra in lateral view; (G) cervical rib in dorsolateral view; (H) dorsal vertebra in posterior view; (I) left scapula in medial view; (J) right coracoid in supposed dorsal view; (K) left humerus in dorsal view; (L) left femur with adjacent epipodials in dorsal view; and (M) left ilium in lateral view.

A–B, skull in dorsal view; C–E, postcranial skeleton; in left dorsolateral (C) and left lateral (D–E) views. In line drawings (B, E) dark grey tone indicates damage and light grey tone indicates the palate. Abbreviations: ca, caudal vertebra [number following indicates order in preserved series]; ce, cervical vertebra; d, dorsal vertebra; depr, depression; ecto, ectopterygoid; epip, epipterygoid; exp, expanded neural spine apex; fr, frontal; jug, jugal; l., left [followed by name of element]; mx, maxilla; p, ‘pectoral’ vertebra; par, parietal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pofr, postfrontal; prfr, prefrontal; qua, quadrate; r., right [followed by name of element]; s, sacral vertebra; sq, squamosal; unexp, unexpanded neural spine apex. Scale bars equal 50 mm (A–B), 20 mm (C), and 200 mm (D–E).

The holotype of Douzhanopterus zhengi gen. et sp. nov. (a) Part of the holotype; (b) close up of the tail, green arrows indicating the anterior and posterior ends of each caudal vertebra; (c) close up of the right foot. Scale bars are 50 mm, 10 mm, and 10 mm in (a,b and c), respectively.

Positive digital cast of the holotype of the pterosaur Herbstosaurus pigmaeus (CTES-PZ 1711). Abbreviations: gtr, greater trochanter; isp, ischial peduncle; l.fe, left femur; ppush, prepubic shaft; prap, preacetabular process; r.fe, right femur; r.il, right ilium; r.ppu, right prepubis; sr5, sacral rib 5; sv1, sacral vertebra 1. Scale bar equals 2 cm.