drawing

Line drawings of the holotype skull of Spatulidentatus breviceps (GMG10) as preserved in its flattened and distorted state. At left is a grayscale version indicating general regions and anatomy (skull [upper jaw, skull roof, mandible], teeth, palate, and cervical bones), with the external nares (ext. nares) and orbit labeled. At right is a color-coded version distinguishing each skull bone with a different color. Both skulls are to the same scale; scale bar=5 cm.

Garamaudo bauciensis, mandible. Holotype (CD13-PAL.2018.3.1.10), Bouc-Bel-Air - Sousquières (Bouches-du-Rhône Department, Provence, southeastern France), Santonian. A-H, photographs and interpretative drawings in lateral (A-B), medial (C-D), dorsal (E-F) and ventral (G-H) views. Abbreviations: af, adductor fossa; Ang, Angular; ag, angular groove; Art, Prearticular-articular unit; cob, coronoid buttress; cos, coronoid suture; ctf, corda tympani foramen; f, fossa; g, groove; gf, glenoid fossa; mnf, mandibular nerve foramen; psf, posterior surangular foramen; ri, ridge; rp, retroarticular process; rph, retroarticular process hook; Sur, surangular; sp, surangular horizontal plateau.

A drawing of the mosasaur Gnathomortis

Brasileodactylus araripensis, holotype (MN 4804-V) in A, right lateral and B, dorsal view; C, interpretative drawing in dorsal view.

Lamplughsaura dharmarasensis, a basal sauropodomorph from the Lower Jurassic of India, after description by T.S. Kutty et al., 2007, pencil drawing, digital coloring

Rhomboid distal nasal process of the crest of Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus. A. Partial distal nasal process of IVPP V725 in right lateral view. B. Lateral view of composite skull (reversed). C. partial premaxillonasal complex of IVPP V829 in right lateral view. D. Line drawing of (C) showing nasal-premaxilla articulation, and the displacement (arrow) experienced by the distal nasal process relative to its articular position. E. Mounted holotype skull (IVPP V725) of T. spinorhinus in left lateral view (reversed). F. Partial right distal nasal process (although catalogued as IVPP V725, this element corresponds to a different specimen than the type; reversed).

Ornithocheirus simus. A–D holotype CAMSM B54428 (Albian, Cambridge Greensand), anterior part of the rostrum A left lateral view B respective line drawing C ventral view D respective line drawing E–H referred specimen CAMSM B54552 (Albian, Cambridge Greensand), anterior part of the rostrum E anterior view F respective line drawing G left lateral view H respective line drawing. Abbreviations: m – maxillae, pm – premaxillae. Arrows and numbers indicate alveoli or teeth and their respective position. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Drawing of lectoholotype skull BMNH R.3386 (desigated by Weishampel et al., 1993)[1][2] of Limnosaurus transsylvanicus NOPCSA 1900 (later renamed Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus), a basal hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian (latest Upper Cretaceous) Sanpetru Formation of West Central Romania.

Morphological variation in the Deltapodus ibericus holotype trackway from the CT-1 tracksite. (a) False-color depth maps and interpretative outline drawings of a selection of manus–pes sets within the trackway. Note the variation in manus (from crescent, kidney to semicircular shapes) and pes (reversed delta, semirectangular, and oval shapes) tracks depending on the manus–pes set. Note also that some manus are overprinted by the pes. (b) Mediotype of the pes impressions based on 4 specimens with a mean footprint length of 0.48 m. Note that the morphology of the posterior part of the print is slightly biased (more quadrangular) because this area in track 1CA17p is broken. (c) Mediotype of the manus impressions based on 2 specimens with a mean footprint width of 0.37 m. (d–f) Pictures of a selection of the best-preserved tracks (manus–pes set 1CA23, pes 1CA17p and manus 1CA3m). The false color depth maps were generated with the software CloudCompare (https://www.cloudcompare.org/) and the mediotypes with the software DigTrace (https://www.digtrace.co.uk/).

Tastavinsaurus, pencil drawing, digital coloring

Targaryendraco wiedenrothi (formerly ‘Ornithocheirus’), holotype SMNS 56628 (Hauterivian, Engelbostel clay pit, Hannover), anterior part of the mandibular symphysis. A dorsal view B respective line drawing C left lateral view D respective line drawing. Abbreviations: d – dentary, sul – sulcus. Arrows and numbers indicate alveoli or teeth and their respective position. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Targaryendraco wiedenrothi (formerly ‘Ornithocheirus’), holotype SMNS 56628 (Hauterivian, Engelbostel clay pit, Hannover), anterior part of the mandibular symphysis. A dorsal view B respective line drawing C left lateral view D respective line drawing. Abbreviations: d – dentary, sul – sulcus. Arrows and numbers indicate alveoli or teeth and their respective position. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Tropeognathine pterosaur Siroccopteryx moroccensis Mader andKellner, 1999, LINHM FR016, Kem Kem beds, Morocco, ?Albian–lowerCenomanian. A. Photograph in anterior (A1), left lateral (A2), and dorsal(A3) views. B. Interpretation of the palatal view following Mader andKellner (1999). Photographs courtesy of Megan L. Jacobs. Drawing byRVP based on Mader and Kellner (1999).

Ornithischian dinosaur Stenopelix valdensis Meyer, 1857, holotype (GZG 741/2, formerly GPI Gö 741−2), from the Obernkirchen Sandstone (Early Cretaceous: Berriasian), near Bückeburg, Niedersachsen, Germany. A. Large sandstone slab. B. Interpretative outline drawing of large latex cast (prepared from large sandstone slab), showing majority of postcranial skeleton in dorsal view. C. Small sandstone slab. D. Interpretative outline drawing of small la− tex cast (prepared from small sandstone slab), showing sacrum and caudals, pelvic region and partial hindlimbs in ventral view. For clarity elements in and around the sacral region have not been labelled—these areas are shown in greater detail in Fig. 3. Roman numerals II–IV correspond to respective digits. Abbreviations: mt, metatarsals; f, femur; ?, unidentified element.

Cranium of Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangensis (LFGT-ZLJ0115). Cranium in (A) left lateral view with (B) labeled drawing and (C) right lateral view with (D) labeled drawing. Abbreviations: an, angular; ar, articular; bs, basisphenoid; d, dentary; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; lsp, laterosphenoid; m, maxilla; n, nasal; ot, otoccipital; prm, premaxilla; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; par, prearticular; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; pr, prootic; prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; sp, splenial; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal. Striated area indicates damage and grey area indicates matrix. Scale bar represents 100 mm. Photos by Xiao-Chun Wu.

Figure 2. Holotype of Liaodactylus primus gen. et sp. nov. (PMOL-AP00031): photographs and line drawings of the nearly complete skull with mandibles in left lateral (a,b), and palatal (c,d) views. aa, atlas-axis complex; an, angular; arf, articular facet; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; co, coronoid; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; naof, nasoantorbital fenestra; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pat, proatlas; pecf, pterygo-ectopterygoid fenestra; pm, premaxilla; pof, postfrontal; pra, prearticular; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; sof, suborbital fenestra; spl, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, subtemporal fenestra.