écaille

Photograph of a holotype (AMNH FARB 5764) vertebra of the sauropod Amphicoelias (Cope, 1878). A is the anterior view; B is the right lateral view; C is the posterior view; D is the left lateral view; E is the ventral view (with anterior surface toward the top). Blue polygon in C obscures hand used to brace the fragile vertebra for photography. Scale bar equals 10 centimetres. Abbreviations: acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; d, diapophysis; hs, hyposphene; lspol, lateral spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; mspol, medial spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; p, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tpol, interpostzygapophyseal lamina.

Figure 4: Savannasaurus elliottorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype specimen AODF 660. (a–e) Dorsal vertebrae (left lateral view). (f) Sacrum (ventral view). (g,h) Caudal vertebrae (left lateral view). (i) Left coracoid (lateral view). (j) Right sternal plate (ventral view). (k) Left radius (posterior view). (l) Right metacarpal III (anterior view). (m) Left astragalus (anterior view). (n) Coossified right and left pubes (anterior view). A number of ribs were preserved but have been omitted for clarity. Scale bar = 500 mm. [N.b.: the right sternal plate is misidentified [1] and is actually a left sternal plate.]

Early Triassic marine vertebrate apex predators during the Griesbachian to Smithian interval (left) and the Spathian to Anisian interval (right). Predators not exactly to scale; see text and Tables S1–S2 for details on body size and stratigraphic occurrence. Marine vertebrate apex predators: 1, Wantzosaurus (trematosaurid ‘amphibian’); 2, Fadenia (eugeneodontiform chondrichthyan); 3, Saurichthys (actinopterygian ambush predator); 4, Rebellatrix (fork-tailed actinistian); 5, Hovasaurus (‘younginiform’ diapsid reptile); 6, Birgeria (fast-swimming predatory actinopterygian); 7, Aphaneramma (trematosaurid ‘amphibian’); 8, Bobasatrania (durophagous actinopterygian); 9, hybodontoid chondrichthyan with durophagous (e.g. Acrodus, Palaeobates) or tearing-type dentition (e.g. Hybodus); 10, e.g., Mylacanthus (durophagous actinistian); 11, Tanystropheus (protorosaurian reptile); 12, Corosaurus (sauropterygian reptile); 13, e.g., Ticinepomis (actinistian); 14, Mixosaurus (small ichthyosaur); 15, large cymbospondylid/shastasaurid ichthyosaur; 16, neoselachian chondrichthyan; 17, Omphalosaurus skeleton (possible durophagous ichthyosaur); 18, Placodus (durophagous sauropterygian reptile).

Early Triassic marine vertebrate apex predators during the Griesbachian to Smithian interval (left) and the Spathian to Anisian interval (right). Predators not exactly to scale; see text and Tables S1–S2 for details on body size and stratigraphic occurrence. Marine vertebrate apex predators: 1, Wantzosaurus (trematosaurid ‘amphibian’); 2, Fadenia (eugeneodontiform chondrichthyan); 3, Saurichthys (actinopterygian ambush predator); 4, Rebellatrix (fork-tailed actinistian); 5, Hovasaurus (‘younginiform’ diapsid reptile); 6, Birgeria (fast-swimming predatory actinopterygian); 7, Aphaneramma (trematosaurid ‘amphibian’); 8, Bobasatrania (durophagous actinopterygian); 9, hybodontoid chondrichthyan with durophagous (e.g. Acrodus, Palaeobates) or tearing-type dentition (e.g. Hybodus); 10, e.g., Mylacanthus (durophagous actinistian); 11, Tanystropheus (protorosaurian reptile); 12, Corosaurus (sauropterygian reptile); 13, e.g., Ticinepomis (actinistian); 14, Mixosaurus (small ichthyosaur); 15, large cymbospondylid/shastasaurid ichthyosaur; 16, neoselachian chondrichthyan; 17, Omphalosaurus skeleton (possible durophagous ichthyosaur); 18, Placodus (durophagous sauropterygian reptile).

Kronosaurus queenslandicus (QM F18827; proposed neotype [part]) skull in dorsal view (modified from McHenry Citation2009). Scale = 30 cm.

Azhdarcho sp., ZIN PH 56/43, distal fragment of a right ulna in proximal (a), ventral (b), posterior (c), dorsal (d), anterior (e), and distal (f, stereopair) views. This specimen is from the Tyulkili locality in the northeastern Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan; Zhirkindek Formation, Upper Cretaceous (upper Turonian – Coniacian). Abbreviations: das, dorsal articulation surface; ft, groove for flexor tendon; tub, tuberculum; vf, ventral fovea. Scale bar is 10 mm.

The probable azhdarchid trace fossil Haenamichnus uhangriensis. A, the 7.3 m trackway CNUPH.P9; B, H. uhangriensis holotype (CNUPH.P2), manus (top) and pes (bottom) prints. Scale bars represent 1 m (A) and 100 mm (B).

Illustration of the holotype frontal bone of Albertavenator curriei TMP 1993.105.0001 in dorsal view. Scale bar is 5mm.

(C) Eucnemesaurus entaxonis (BP/1/6234). Right pes in dorsal view taken from McPhee et al. (2015b). Digit IV is indicated. Scales are 5 cm.

natural silicone cast of the holotype of Lycorhinus angustidens (UCRC PVC10). Abbreviations: 3-10 dentary tooth 3-10 Fa-j tooth-to-tooth wear facet a-j f accessory facet. Scale bars equal 1 cm in C and 3 cm in D.

Holotype material of Rebbachisaurus garasbae. A Dorsal vertebra (MNHN-MRS 1957) in anterior view and (B) lateral view. C Scapula (MNHN-MRS 1957) in lateral view. Scale bar equals 30 cm. Abbreviations: ac fo acromial fossa ac no acromial notch nc neural canal med spol medial spinopostzygapophyseal lamina.

Figure 24: Reconstruction of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri. (A) Skeletal reconstruction with elements based on individuals of varied sizes, all scaled under the assumption that Kwanasaurus is proportioned similarly to Silesaurus. (B) Life reconstruction. Scale bars = 10 cm, given for probable largest specimen (DMNH EPV.34579) and one of the smallest specimens (DMNH EPV.63139).

Diamantinasaurus matildae gen. et sp. nov. (AODF 603) A. Right side B. Left side (both silhouettes with sketched in bone parts of the material currently known at publishing date; scale bars: 5 x 5 = 25 m; complemented with height data here)

* Wintonotitan wattsi gen. et sp. nov. (QMF 7292) (Silhouette with sketched in bone parts of the material currently known at publishing date; scale bar: size unknown — not mentioned in original source)

Holotype material of Aegyptosaurus, based on plates in Stromer 1932. Scale bar = 1 meter

Cranial remains of Arthropterygius chrisorum CCMGE 17–44/13328 (A–J) and PMO 222.669 (L, M). (A, B) Right postfrontal in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views. (C) Left lateral view on articulated postfrontal, prefrontal and nasal. (D) Left prefrontal in ventral view. (E, F) Right prefrontal in ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views. (G, H) left nasal in dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views. (I, J) Left jugal in medial (I) and lateral (J) views. (K) Cranial reconstruction, showing the depicted elements (colored). (L, M) oblique dorsal view and interpretation of sutures of the skull roof of PMO 222.669. Abbreviations: ffr, facet for the frontal; fnas, facet of the nasal; fpo, facet for the postorbital; fpref, facet for the prefrontal; fqj, facet for the quadratojugal; fsut, facet for the supratemporal; lw, lateral wing of the nasal lamella; nas, nasal; par, parietal; pf, parietal foramen; pref, prefrontal; sut, supratemporal. Both scale bars represent 10 cm.