fossile

Fossil shell of Aulacostephanus yo from France, on display at Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy, Paris.

The GSSP for the Hirnantian stage in the ICS geological timescale (uppermost Ordovician stage), located in the Wangjiawan profile (an outcrop of black shale, brownishly weathered siliceous shale and chert layers of the Wufeng Formation) along the G241 road, about 40 km north of Yichang, Hubei, China. An exact golden spike is missing in the profile (2025) but a memorial plague marks the place. The GSSP occurs at the first appearance of fossils of the graptolite species Normalograptus extraordinarius. It was ratified in 2006.

Crioceratites fabreae fossils on display at the French National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France.

Crioceratites duvali fossil on display at the French National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France.

“Sternberger Kuchen” (“Sternberg cake”), a large late Pleistocene glaciofluvial pebble of a highly fossiliferous, shallow marine sandstone of the North German Paleogene (Sülstorf beds, formerly known as “Sternberg rock”, Chattian, Oligocene, about 25 million years old). The fossil content is mainly made up of mollusks (pelecypods, gastropods, scaphopods). Provenance: Sternberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Northeast Germany.

Fossil of Cainotherium, an extinct mammal https://hdl.handle.net/21.12123/66925 in ferruginous rock of Oligocene (Chattian) age from Ingolstadt in Bavaria, Germany - Took the photo at Museon museum, Den Haag

A fossil tree from the Coal Creek region, Fruitland Formation, latest Cretaceous (Late Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico

Glyptostrobus europaeus fossil leaves of Burdigalian stage in the early Miocene epoch, from a brown coal mine in Bilina, Czech Republic.

Brachipotherium aurelianense, from Rubí. Fossils. Collection of paleontology of the Geological Museum of the Barcelona Seminari (Museu Geològic del Seminari de Barcelona).

Ficus truncata fossil leaf from the early Miocene epoch 20 Ma, of the Třetihorní flóra from Bílina, Czech Republic.

Comptonia acutiloba fossil leaves from the early Miocene epoch 20 Ma, of the Třetihorní flóra from Bílina, Czech Republic.

Berberis berberidifolia fossil leaf of Burdigalian stage in the early Miocene epoch, from a brown coal mine in Bilina, Czech Republic.

Sable riche en coquilles fossiles provenant de l'intérieur de puits de dissolution du site de l'Ariey. On y voit des coraux, oursins plats (Amphiope), gastéropodes (Melongena, Conus, Cypraea) et des bivalves (Lucina & Barbatia)

Figure 1. Evolution of macroecological traits in Dinosauria. Large scale event in dinosaur evolution (a); the origin of dinosaurs (star), hyperthermals (volcano), the earliest fossil Avialae (bird), the earliest fossil angiosperm (flower), the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction (asteroid). Phylogeny of dinosaurs (b) redrawn from Sereno and adapted to the current consensus and upon which an ancestral state reconstruction of temperature niche (mean annual temperature) after Chiarenza et al. is plotted; Mesozoic palaeogeographies (c) for Triassic (T), Jurassic (J) and Cretaceous (K). Silhouette colours symbolize body mass for each of the taxa represented; information on dietary habits are plotted after Barrett and Zanno & Makovicky; numbers represent clades discussed through this study: 1, Ornithischia; 2, Thyreophora; 3, Ornithopoda; 4, Hadrosauroidea; 5, Marginocephalia; 6, Ceratopsia; 7, Saurischia; 8, Sauropodomorpha; 9, Sauropoda; 10, Theropoda; 11, Ceratosauria; 12, Tetanurae; 13, Coelurosauria; 14, Maniraptoriformes; 15, Maniraptora; 16, Deinonychosauria; 17, Avialae; 18, Ornithothoraces. Palaeogeographies modified from original plots via R package ‘mapast’ using plate models by Scotese.

Simplified cladogram of Dinosauria with the distribution of feathers according to the fossil record. Despite its more ancient origin, it was only in maniraptoriformes that modern-type feathers (pennaceous feathers) have arisen (Based in Xu & Guo, 2009; Clarke, 2013; Godefroit et al., 2013; Han et al., 2014; Koshchowitz et al., 2014).

Photographer: User:Ballista Edited in Adobe PhotoShop: User:Firsfron Photographed object is in fact a cast of a real fossil. It's part of a hands-on exhibit of the NHM in London.