Edmontosaurus

Сравнение размеров человека и крупнейших известных представителей основных клад динозавров. Размер основан на: Supersaurus     : Lovelace, David M.; Hartman, Scott A.; Wahl, William R. (2007). "Morphology of a specimen of Supersaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, and a re-evaluation of diplodocid phylogeny" Arquivos do Museu Nacional. 65 (4): 527–544. Spinosaurus     : Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Maganuco, Simone; Fabri, Matteo; Martill, David M.; Zouhri, Samir; Myhrvold, Nathan; Lurino, Dawid A. (2014). "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur". Science. 345 (6204): 1613–6 "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur" Shantungosaurus     : Zhao, X.; Li, D.; Han, G.; Hao, H.; Liu, F.; Li, L.; Fang, X. (2007). "Zhuchengosaurus maximus from Shandong Province". Acta Geoscientia Sinica Triceratops     : Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Stegosaurus     : Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,Winter 2011 Appendix Благодарности: Scott A. Hartman - (http://www.skeletaldrawing.com/) randomdinos - https://www.deviantart.com/randomdinos Hai Xing, Jordan C. Mallon, Margaret L. Currie Fig. 2 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175253.g002) in: Supplementary cranial description of the types of Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae), with comments on the phylogenetics and biogeography of Hadrosaurinae. PLoS ONE 12(4):e0175253, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175253 Franoys (https://www.deviantart.com/franoys/art/Spinosaurus-aegyptiacus-skeletal-FSAC-kk-11888--706404751) Slate Weasel (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Slate_Weasel)

Comparison of Dinosaurs size (scale diagram), featuring Argentinosaurus (36 meters), Spinosaurus (18 meters), Edmontosaurus (12 meters), Stegosaurus (10 meters) and Triceratops (9 meters). Based on drawings by Nobu Tamura ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triceratops_BW.jpg , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinosaurus_BW2.png , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stegosaurus_BW.jpg , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatotitan_BW.jpg ) and Zachi Evenor ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Argentinosaurus-ZE-001.png ).

(A) A phylogenetic principal-component analysis (PCA) represents the projection of the Dinosauria supertree (STAR Methods) into a PCA of climatic variables. PC1 axis shows strong positive correlation with maximum temperature ([temp max), low positive correlation with precipitation seasonality ( precip season), strong negative correlation with minimum temperature (Ytemp min), and strong negative correlation with minimum precipitation (Yprecip min). PC2 axis shows strong positive correlation with minimum temperature ([temp min) and negative correlation with precipitation seasonality (Yprecip season). Shadows around points highlight the relative density in the principal compo- nent space of non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorpha (gray), Ornithischia (blue), Sauropodomorpha (green), and Theropoda (red). (B) Lower left plot shows 95% confidence interval convex hulls for each dinosauromorph subclade. Blue thermometer (top left corner) symbolizes the direction of the vector in the PC space region for cold temper- atures; yellow thermometer (top right corner) indicates the direction of the vector in PC space for warm tem- peratures; brown shrub (top right corner) depicts dry conditions, while the same with a gray, rainy cloud (mid, lower side of the graph) illustrates seasonal conditions. Silhouettes represent the following taxa (clockwise from the higher left corner): Minmi, Edmontosaurus, Pachyrhinosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Asilisaurus, Graci- liceratops, Harpymimus, Altirhinus, Gobititan, Suz- housaurus, Marasuchus, Pampadromaeus, Herrer- asaurus, Vulcanodon, Diplodocus, Giraffatitan, Coelophysis, Dromomeron, Gondwanatitan, Tapuiasaurus, Anchisaurus, Siamotyrannus, Diodorus, Suchomimus, Phuwiangosaurus, Ouranosaurus, Irritator, Tangvayosaurus, Nanshiungosaurus, Aeolosaurus, Rebbachisaurus, Chuxiongosaurus, Tethyshadros, Koreanosaurus. Genyodectes, Mapusaurus, Vegavis, Goyocephale, and Rhoetosaurus.

Historical life restoration of “Hadrosaurus mirabilis” (i.e. Edmontosaurus annectens aka Anatosaurus copei) by a lake. 120 Reconstitution historique d’un « Hadrosaurus mirabilis » (c’est-à-dire Edmontosaurus annectens alias Anatoasaurus copei) au bord d’un lac.

Mounted replica of a composite skeleton of Edmontosaurus annectens on display at the University of Oxford Museum, Oxford, England. The original skeleton is compiled from disarticulated fossil bones from a bonebed of the Hell Creek Formation, exposed in the Ruth Mason Quarry in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is 8.5 m (28 ft.) long and the skull is almost 1 m (39 in.) in length.[1][2] ↑ Dinosaurs in the Museum. Oxford University Museum of Natural History (brochure, PDF), p. 7 ↑ BHI Fossil Replica Catalog 2012. Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc., Hill City, SD, 2012 (PDF), p. 22

Mounted replica of a composite skeleton of Edmontosaurus annectens on display at the University of Oxford Museum, Oxford, England. The original skeleton is compiled from disarticulated fossil bones from a bonebed of the Hell Creek Formation, exposed in the Ruth Mason Quarry in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is 8.5 m (28 ft.) long and the skull is almost 1 m (39 in.) in length.[1][2] ↑ Dinosaurs in the Museum. Oxford University Museum of Natural History (brochure, PDF), p. 7 ↑ BHI Fossil Replica Catalog 2012. Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc., Hill City, SD, 2012 (PDF), p. 22

Mounted replica of a composite skeleton of Edmontosaurus annectens on display at the University of Oxford Museum, Oxford, England. The original skeleton is compiled from disarticulated fossil bones from a bonebed of the Hell Creek Formation, exposed in the Ruth Mason Quarry in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is 8.5 m (28 ft.) long and the skull is almost 1 m (39 in.) in length.[1][2] ↑ Dinosaurs in the Museum. Oxford University Museum of Natural History (brochure, PDF), p. 7 ↑ BHI Fossil Replica Catalog 2012. Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc., Hill City, SD, 2012 (PDF), p. 22

Mounted replica of a composite skeleton of Edmontosaurus annectens on display at the University of Oxford Museum, Oxford, England. The original skeleton is compiled from disarticulated fossil bones from a bonebed of the Hell Creek Formation, exposed in the Ruth Mason Quarry in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is 8.5 m (28 ft.) long and the skull is almost 1 m (39 in.) in length.[1][2] ↑ Dinosaurs in the Museum. Oxford University Museum of Natural History (brochure, PDF), p. 7 ↑ BHI Fossil Replica Catalog 2012. Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc., Hill City, SD, 2012 (PDF), p. 22

Mounted replica of a composite skeleton of Edmontosaurus annectens on display at the University of Oxford Museum, Oxford, England. The original skeleton is compiled from disarticulated fossil bones from a bonebed of the Hell Creek Formation, exposed in the Ruth Mason Quarry in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. It is 8.5 m (28 ft.) long and the skull is almost 1 m (39 in.) in length.[1][2] ↑ Dinosaurs in the Museum. Oxford University Museum of Natural History (brochure, PDF), p. 7 ↑ BHI Fossil Replica Catalog 2012. Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc., Hill City, SD, 2012 (PDF), p. 22

Seven ornithopods (top to bottom): Ouranosaurus, Tenontosaurus (background) with Convolosaurus (foreground), Muttaburrasaurus, Edmontosaurus annectens, Dryosaurus altus, Corythosaurus casuarius

Seven ornithopods (top to bottom): Ouranosaurus, Tenontosaurus (background) with Convolosaurus (foreground), Muttaburrasaurus, Edmontosaurus annectens, Dryosaurus altus, Corythosaurus casuarius

Seven ornithopods (top to bottom): Ouranosaurus, Tenontosaurus (background) with Convolosaurus (foreground), Muttaburrasaurus, Edmontosaurus annectens, Dryosaurus altus, Corythosaurus casuarius

Seven ornithopods (top to bottom): Ouranosaurus, Tenontosaurus (background) with Convolosaurus (foreground), Muttaburrasaurus, Edmontosaurus annectens, Dryosaurus altus, Corythosaurus casuarius

Seven ornithopods (top to bottom): Ouranosaurus, Tenontosaurus (background) with Convolosaurus (foreground), Muttaburrasaurus, Edmontosaurus annectens, Dryosaurus altus, Corythosaurus casuarius

Seven ornithopods (top to bottom): Ouranosaurus, Tenontosaurus (background) with Convolosaurus (foreground), Muttaburrasaurus, Edmontosaurus annectens, Dryosaurus altus, Corythosaurus casuarius

Edmontosaurus in the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center, Woodland Park, Colorado