specimen

Juvenile Gorgosaurus TMP 2009.12.14 preserving stomach contents. Photographs of specimen in (A) right lateral view and (B) left anterolateral view. (C) Interpretive illustration of specimen in right lateral view. Skeleton consists of a nearly complete skull, the left side of the body and limbs, and a nearly complete pelvis. Red rectangle delineates location of stomach contents. (D) Histological photomicrograph of tibia showing the presence of five lines of arrested growths and two annuli (marked by asterisks), indicating that the individual was between 5 and 7 years old. Scale bars, 50 cm (A) to (C) and 1 mm (D).

The Naturmuseum Senckenberg in Frankfurt is the second largest museum of natural history in Germany. It is particularly popular with children, who enjoy the extensive collection of dinosaur skeletons: Senckenberg boasts the largest exhibition of large dinosaurs in Europe. One particular treasure is a dinosaur fossil with unique, preserved scaled skin. The museum contains the world's largest and most diverse collection of stuffed birds with about 2000 specimens.

Identifier: catalogueoffossi02bri (find matches) Title: Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker .. Year: 1888 (1880s) Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology Lydekker, Richard, 1849-1915 Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Amphibians, Fossil Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: pterygian; from theKimeridge Clay of Ely. \. a, proximal, b, distal epiphysis ; c, shaft. 46792. Two still smaller specimens; from the Kimeridge Clay ofDevizes, Wiltshire. Cunnington Collection. R. 400. Two phalangeals; from the Oxford Clay of Weymouth,Dorsetshire. Presented by C. Westendarp, Esq., 1884. 150 SAUEOPTERIGIA. R. 1381. One longitudinal half of the humerus or femur of a me- (Ficj.) dium-sized form, with the inner surface cut and polished; from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely. This specimen is figured in the woodcut on the preceding page, and shows the two epiphyses almost meeting in the middle of the shaft. No history. R. 1381 a. The proximal half of a larger humerus or femur, longitu-dinally bisected; from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely. Thecontour of the proximal epiphysis is well displayed. No history. 46912. The proximal portion of a still larger humerus or femur,longitudinally bisected; from Shotover. The whole ofthe proximal epiphysis is displayed, of which the terminal Kg. 47. Text Appearing After Image: Sauropterygian mandibles.—A. Peloneustesphilarchus; from the Oxford Clay.\. B. Thaitmatosaurus indicus; from the Upper Jurassic of India. ).0. Pksiosaimcs dolichodirus; from the Lower Lias. f. (From the Kec.Geol. Surv. Ind.) PLESI0SAURID2E. 151 extremity appears to have been separated by a small va-cuity from that of the distal epiphysis. No history. 42097. One lateral half of a humerus or femur, with the inner sur- face cut; from the Neocomian bone-bed of Potton, Bed-fordshire. The extremity of one epiphysis is entire anddetached from the shaft, while a section is shown of thatat the opposite end. Purchased, 1870. 42098. A small imperfect femur, with the proximal epiphysis de- tached and lying loose in the cup of the shaft; fromPotton. Purchased, 1870. Genus PELONEUSTES, Lydekker \ Skull and teeth of the general type of Pliosaurus, but the mandible(fig. 47, A) with a longer symphysis, which includes more than adozen teeth. Neck short, with the anterior vertebras relativelyshort. Ve Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

The holotype of Ischyrodon meriani (previously a synonym of Liopleurodon ferox), specimen NMB L.D.37; in (A) mesial, (B) lingual, (C) apical, (D) labial, and (E) distal view

Main evolutionary steps proposed for the morphofunctional and postural changes of the sauropod pedes. (A) Sauropod body mass through time (in metric tons) based on the sauropod body mass estimations of (41) (NB: data lacking for the second half of the Upper Cretaceous so illustrated here faded, in continuity with the data recorded in the Cretaceous). Schematic outlines of selected large specimens illustrated in the curve, including (from left to right) P. engelhardti, Vulcanodon karibaensis, R. brownei, G. brancai, Cedarosaurus weiskopfae, and Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi. (B) Projected evolutionary changes occurring in the sauropod pes associated with trend in body mass, including 1, skeletal and functional digitigrade pedal posture among basal non-sauropod sauropodomorphs with an incipient soft tissue pad (ISP) (see figs. S34 and S35); 2 and 3, expansion of a well-developed soft tissue pad beneath the elevated pedal bones (SP), resulting in a functionally plantigrade pes + retention of skeletal posture within a range of digitigrady; 4, retention of a soft tissue pad and yet undetermined trend toward more elevated bones; 5, conservation of the neomorphic soft tissue pad within all lineages. Selected examples of well-preserved non-sauropod sauropodomorph and sauropod pedal tracks illustrated above the trends, including (from left to right) Evazoum siriguii; Pseudotetrasauropus bipedoida, Eosauropus isp., Lavinipes cheminii; Kalosauropus pollex, Liujianpus shunan, Polyonyx gomesi; Parabrontopodus mcintoshi; Brontopodus birdi; Titanopodus mendozensis; and unnamed Asian sauropod track. Source of adapted drawing and notes are listed in table S9 and data S2.

Main evolutionary steps proposed for the morphofunctional and postural changes of the sauropod pedes. (A) Sauropod body mass through time (in metric tons) based on the sauropod body mass estimations of (41) (NB: data lacking for the second half of the Upper Cretaceous so illustrated here faded, in continuity with the data recorded in the Cretaceous). Schematic outlines of selected large specimens illustrated in the curve, including (from left to right) P. engelhardti, Vulcanodon karibaensis, R. brownei, G. brancai, Cedarosaurus weiskopfae, and Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi. (B) Projected evolutionary changes occurring in the sauropod pes associated with trend in body mass, including 1, skeletal and functional digitigrade pedal posture among basal non-sauropod sauropodomorphs with an incipient soft tissue pad (ISP) (see figs. S34 and S35); 2 and 3, expansion of a well-developed soft tissue pad beneath the elevated pedal bones (SP), resulting in a functionally plantigrade pes + retention of skeletal posture within a range of digitigrady; 4, retention of a soft tissue pad and yet undetermined trend toward more elevated bones; 5, conservation of the neomorphic soft tissue pad within all lineages. Selected examples of well-preserved non-sauropod sauropodomorph and sauropod pedal tracks illustrated above the trends, including (from left to right) Evazoum siriguii; Pseudotetrasauropus bipedoida, Eosauropus isp., Lavinipes cheminii; Kalosauropus pollex, Liujianpus shunan, Polyonyx gomesi; Parabrontopodus mcintoshi; Brontopodus birdi; Titanopodus mendozensis; and unnamed Asian sauropod track. Source of adapted drawing and notes are listed in table S9 and data S2.

Figure 28: Dorsoventral vertebral proportions on the anterior caudal vertebrae of selected ornithopods. (A) Neural arch height ‘a’ (=height from dorsal tip of the spinal process to top of the centrum, or centre of transverse process base) relative to vertebral height ‘b’ (=vertebral height without haemal arch). (B) Neural arch height ‘a’ relative to vertebral height ‘c’ (=vertebral height including haemal arch). Distances ‘a’ and ‘b’ shown in Figs. 9 and 33 and distance ‘c’ shown in Fig. 9. Data sources, see Table S1. Tabulated data, vertebral positions and specimen numbers, see Table S2.

Complete specimen, excellent mineralization. Presented with a base (exceptional, very good condition)). Skull length 18,9 inch ( 28,3 inch with vertebras)

Precious opal replacing Ichthyosaur backbone; display specimen, South Australian Museum. Original filename = P2211104.JPG

Holotype specimen TMP 2000.29.01 of the ophthalmosaurian ichthyosaur Athabascasaurus bitumineus from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation of Alberta, in Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada.

Heterodontosaurus tucki life restoration. Integument based on the related Tianyulong, proportions based on photos of specimen SAM-PK-K1332 and skeletal reconstruction by Gregory S. Paul (The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, 2010, p. 240).

Life restoration of the mosasaurine mosasaurid Eremiasaurus, with unknown portions and soft tissues based primarily on Prognathodon and supplemented with Mosasaurus where needed. References Leblanc, A.R.H.; Caldwell, M.W.; Bardet, N. (2012). "A new mosasaurine from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco and its implications for mosasaurine systematics". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (1): 82–104. Lindgren, J.; Kaddumi, H.; Polcyn, M. (2013). "Soft tissue preservation in a fossil marine lizard with a bilobed tail fin". Nature Communications 4: 2423. DOI:10.1038/ncomms3423. Konishi, T.; Brinkman, D.; Massare, J.A.; Caldwell, M.W. (2011). "New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 1026–1046. Russell, D.A. (1967). "Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1–241.

Pleuroceras solare, Amaltheidae; Pyritic specimen; Diameter 3.2 cm; Upper Pliensbachian, Lower Jurassic; Little Switzerland, Bavaria, Germany. own collection, therefore not geocoded.

Pleuroceras solare, Amaltheidae; Pyritic specimen; Diameter 3.2 cm; Upper Pliensbachian, Lower Jurassic; Little Switzerland, Bavaria, Germany. own collection, therefore not geocoded.

A hypothetical life restoration of Ampelosaurus atacis • Ampelosaurus is known from hundreds of fossil specimens which show most of the dinosaur's osteological details, however, there are few articulated remains or reconstructions of the material so its overall proportions and life appearance are uncertain. • Ampelosaurus is known to have supported osteoderms, only four are currently known. The number of these osteoderms that an individual Ampelosaurus would have supported in life and their and position on the body is not currently known. It's thought that due to the rarity of titanosaur osteoderms that they would be quite sparse on the body. The position and layout of the osteoderms has been loosely based on this interpretation, which is based on the work of Vidal et al 2015. [1]

Lower Triassic fossil footprint (ichnite) of the ichnogenus Chirotherium, probably caused by an early archosaur, and first discovered 1833 in Hildburghausen (Thuringia, Germany). This specimen, however, ist from the Helsby Sandstone of the Storeton Quarry near Liverpool. Its species name is Chirotherium storetonense.[1]