specimen

Dinosaur National Monument is a United States National Monument located on the southeast flank of the Uinta Mountains on the border between Colorado and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa Rivers. Although most of the monument area is in Moffat County, Colorado, the Dinosaur Quarry is located in Utah just to the north of the town of Jensen, Utah. The nearest communities are Jensen, Utah, and Dinosaur, Colorado. The park contains over 800 paleontological sites and has fossils of dinosaurs including Allosaurus, Deinonychus, Abydosaurus (a nearly complete skull, lower jaws and first four neck vertebrae of the specimen DINO 16488 found here at the base of the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation is the holotype for the description) and various long-neck, long-tail sauropods. It was declared a National Monument on October 4, 1915. The rock layer enclosing the fossils is a sandstone and conglomerate bed of alluvial or river bed origin known as the Morrison Formation from the Jurassic Period some 150 million years old. The dinosaurs and other ancient animals were carried by the river system which eventually entombed their remains in Utah. The pile of sediments were later buried and lithified into solid rock. The layers of rock were later uplifted and tilted to their present angle by the mountain building forces that formed the Uintas during the Laramide orogeny. The relentless forces of erosion exposed the layers at the surface to be found by paleontologists. The dinosaur fossil beds (bone beds) were discovered in 1909 by Earl Douglass, a paleontologist working and collecting for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. He and his crews excavated thousands of fossils and shipped them back to the museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for study and display. President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the dinosaur beds as Dinosaur National Monument in 1915. The monument boundaries were expanded in 1938 from the original 80-acre (320,000 m2) tract surrounding the dinosaur quarry in Utah, to its present extent of over 200,000 acres (800 km²) in Utah and Colorado, encompassing the spectacular river canyons of the Green and Yampa. Though lesser-known than the fossil beds, the petroglyphs in Dinosaur National Monument are another treasure the monument holds. Due to problems with vandals, many of the sites are not listed on area maps. The "Wall of Bones" located within the Dinosaur Quarry building in the park consists of a steeply tilted (67° from horizontal) rock layer which contains hundreds of dinosaur fossils. The enclosing rock has been chipped away to reveal the fossil bones intact for public viewing. In July 2006, the Quarry Visitor Center was closed due to structural problems that since 1957 had plagued the building because it was built on unstable clay. The decision was made to build a new facility elsewhere in the monument to house the visitor center and administrative functions, making it easier to resolve the structural problems of the quarry building while still retaining a portion of the historic Mission 66 era exhibit hall. It was announced in April 2009 that Dinosaur National Monument would receive $13.1 million to refurbish and reopen the gallery as part of the Obama administration's $750 billion stimulus plan. The Park Service successfully rebuilt the Quarry Exhibit Hall, supporting its weight on 70-foot steel micropile columns that extend to the bedrock below the unstable clay. The Dinosaur Quarry was reopened in Fall 2011. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_National_Monument en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...

Reconstruction of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum gen. et sp. nov. as a quadruped dinosaur, using the outline of Riojasaurus as a base ‒ next to the silhouette of Friedrich von Huene. The drawing of the bones is based on and modified from the original illustrations of specimen “GPIT IV” in von Huene (1932, pl. 38) that have been replicated in the literature. The right fibula is marked in grey as it was found nearby with similar measurements to the left fibula and has been assumed to be part of the same individual.

Life restoration of the Triassic ichthyosaur Callawayia neoscapularis. Three specimens of this ichthyosaur are known, the holotype, ROM 41993, and two referred specimens, TMP 94.380.11 and 94.382.2. The skull is primarily based on ROM 41993, cross-checked against TMP 94.380.11 and TMP 94.382.2. The vertebral column is based primarily on TMP 94.382.2 as it is the most complete of these specimens, while the ribs were based on ROM 41993. The forelimbs were mainly based on those of ROM 41993, with TMP 94.380.11 used to determine their breadth. The hindlimbs were based on TMP 94.380.11, especially the more complete right hindlimb. ROM 41993 was cross-scaled with TMP 94.380.11 by the dimensions of the forelimb epipodials, which produced similar vertebral dimensions. The two TMP specimens were cross-scaled based on femoral length, also producing similar vertebral dimensions. Nicholls & Manabe (2001) stated that no wedge-shaped caudal centra supporting a tailbend were found and that there was no evidence of a bend being present, though considered that they might have existed in the gap in the preserved caudals. Since various other Triassic ichthyosaurs have since been found to have tail bends, one was illustrated here. A modest downturn of roughly 15° was illustrated, comparable to that in Guanlingsaurus, and the location of the bend within the gap in the preserved vertebrae matches well with the location of the bend in Guizhouichthyosaurus. References McGowan, C. (1994). "A new species of Shastasaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Triassic of British Columbia: The most complete exemplar of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 (2): 168–179. DOI:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011550. Nicholls, E. L.; Manabe, M. (2001). "A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: Bridging the Triassic-Jurassic gap". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38 (6): 983–1002. Ji, C.; Jiang, D.Y.; Hao, W.; Sun, Y. (2011). "True tailbend occurred in the Late Triassic: Evidence from ichthyosaur skeletons of South China". Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 47 (2): 309–314. Shang, Q. H.; Li, C. (2009). "On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47 (3): 178–193.

Line diagram of the holotype specimen (ZPAL MgD-I/117) of the protoceratopsid Breviceratops kozlowskii. Based on Maryańska & Osmólska 1975,[1] and Czepiński 2019.[2] References ↑ (1975). "Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia". Palaeontologia Polonica 33: 134−143. Archived from the original on 2018-09-21. Retrieved on 2021-07-25. ↑ (2019). "Ontogeny and variation of a protoceratopsid dinosaur Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert". Historical Biology: 1−28. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2019.1593404. Archived from the original on 2021-07-08. Retrieved on 2021-07-25.

Barsboldia sicinskii gen. et sp.n., type specimen ZPAL MgD-11110, Nemegt Formation, N Nemegt, Nemegt Basin, Gobi Desert, Mongolia 1. Right lateral view of sacrum, neural spine of last dorsal and two anterior caudals included.

Skeleton of WGSC SPC V 1304 (juvenile Brevicaudosaurus jiyangshanensis). A, photograph of the specimen in dorsal view. B, interpretive drawing.

A pair of Macroolithus yaotunensis eggs. Specimen number NMNS CYN-2004 DINO-05, housed in the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taichung, Taiwan.

Albertosaurus skull cast (specimen TMP 1981.010.0001) at the Geological Museum in Copenhagen.

Mounted skeleton of Stegosaurus stenops (specimen NHMUK PV R36730, "Sophie"/"Sarah") in right lateral view at the Natural History Museum, London.

Galeamopus hayi (formerly Diplodocus) type specimen (HMNS 175, formerly CM 662) Jurassic Period 140,000,000 years old The animal was 78ft long, 12 ft high at the hips, and probably weighed 10-15 tons. Wikipedia Loves Art at the Houston Museum of Natural Science This photo of item # [1] at the Houston Museum of Natural Science was contributed under the team name "The_Wookies" as part of the Wikipedia Loves Art project in February 2009. Houston Museum of Natural Science The original photograph on Flickr was taken by andytang20—please add a comment to the original Flickr page whenever a use has been made on Wikipedia or another project. Project galleries on Flickr: this institution, this team

Allosaurus (Big Al II) (specimen SMA 0005)

Fossil specimen of Ornithomimus sp. (TMP 1995.110.1), Royal Tyrrell Museum. This specimen was recovered from the middle Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada.

Duck-billed dinosaurs at the Royal Ontario Museum. A Maiasaura skeleton is visible on the foreground, with two Maiasaura juveniles at the foot of the skeletal mount. On the background, flushing with the wall, there's the two-dimensional mount of a Gryposaurus specimen. The unidentified skull of another duck-billed dinosaur is visible on the low right corner of the photograph.

Duck-billed dinosaurs at the Royal Ontario Museum. A Maiasaura skeleton is visible on the foreground, with two Maiasaura juveniles at the foot of the skeletal mount. On the background, flushing with the wall, there's the two-dimensional mount of a Gryposaurus specimen. The unidentified skull of another duck-billed dinosaur is visible on the low right corner of the photograph.

Restoration of the spinosaurid dinosaur Siamosaurus in the Sao Khua Formation palaeoenvironment, with Sunosuchus in the middle left and a herd of Phuwiangosaurus in the background. References: Siamosaurus based on tooth specimens [1] and the neural spine of a possibly referable skeleton[2], with other missing elements filled in with relatives (Suchomimus[3], Baryonyx[4], IchthyovenatorFile:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_skeletal_reconstruction_by_PaleoGeek.png). Phuwiangosaurus based on skeletal by Suteethorn et al. (2009)[5] and missing elements of skull of EuhelopusFile:Euhelopus.png. Sunosuchus based on Suteethorn and Ingavat (1983)[6] and missing elements based on Goniopholis[7].

Most components of the holotype specimen of Beipiaosaurus inexpectus, IVPP V 11559. Derived from Supplementary Figure 1 in the source.