crête

Skeletal reconstruction and postcranial anatomy of Asfaltovenator vialidadi, MPEF PV 3440. Centre: body outline with preserved elements indicated. (A) articulated cervical vertebrae three to five. (B) cervical vertebra 7. (C) articulated dorsal vertebrae four to seven (better preserved right side, reversed). (D) right humerus in anterior view. (E) right radius and ulna, medial view. (F) right manus, metacarpus in dorsal and digits in lateral view. (G) articulated proximal ends of right tibia and fibula in lateral and proximal views. Abbreviations: ag, anterior groove; cc, cnemial crest; cr, cervical rib; dc, distal carpal; di, diapophysis; dpc, deltpectoral crest; ec, ectepicondyle; ent, entepicondyle; epi, epipophysis; fi, fibula; fic, fibular condyle; hy, hyposphene; im, intermedium; it, internal tuberosity; lr, lateral ridge; mc, metacarpal; ns, neural spine; ol, olecranon; pa, parapophysis; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; ra, radial. Scale bars are 100 cm (skeletal reconstruction), 5 cm (A–C) and 10 cm (D–G).

Caihong juji holotype specimen (PMoL-B00175). Photographs of the slab (a) and counter slab (b) and line drawing (c) of the specimen based on both slabs. Photograph (d) and line drawing (e) of a composite of the rostrum of the skull and mandible exposed on the counter slab and the post-rostrum cranium exposed on the slab. Arrows indicate lacrimal crests. Question mark indicates uncertain identification. Scale bars: 10 cm a–c, 1 cm d and e. aof antorbital fenestra, cav caudal vertebra, cev cervical vertebra, dr dorsal rib, dv dorsal vertebra, ect ectopterygoid, emf external mandibular fenestra, en external naris, f feather, fu furcula, ga gastralia, hy hyoid, il ilium, is ischium, la left angular, lar left articular, lc left coracoid, lcr lacrimal crest, ld left dentary, lf left, frontal, lfe left femur, lh left humerus, lj left jugal, ll left lacrimal, lma left maxilla, lm left manus, ln left nasal, lp left pes, lpa left palatine, lpo left postorbital, lq left quadrate, lqj left quadratojugal, lr left radius, ls left scapula, lsp left splenial, lsa left surangular, lsq left squamosal, lt left tibiotarsus, lu left ulna, ma mandible, mf maxillary fenestra, o orbit, p parietal, pm premaxilla, pt pterygoid, pu pubis, rar right articular, rc right coracoid, rd right dentary, rfe right femur, rh right humerus, rm right manus, rp right pes, rpra right prearticular, rq right quadrate, rr right radius, rs right scapula, rt right tibiotarsus, ru right ulna, scl sclerotic bones, sk skull, sy synsacrum

The holotype (MPSC R 2089) of Aratasaurus museunacionali gen. et sp. nov., photos and drawings from the lateral (A, B) and (C, D) medial views. Abbreviations: cnc, cnemial crest; fe, femur; fosme, fossa medial; lcnrig, lateral cnemial rigde; ti, tibia; tic, tibia crest. Scale bar: 50 mm.

Femur and tibia of Aniksosaurus darwini. Right femur (MDT-PV 1/3) in posterior (A) and medial (B) views. Right tibia (MDT-PV 1/48) in lateral (C) and anterior (D) views. Abbreviations: ast, astragalar depression; at, anterior trochanter; cf, fibular crest ( = crista fibularis); cfl-bf, caudofemoralis longus/brevis fossa; cn, cnemial crest; ec, ectocondylar tuberosity; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; 4tr, fourth trochanter; gt, greater trochanter; ic, inner condyle; im, inner malleolus; om, outer malleolus; pig, posterior intercondylar groove; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibio-fibular crest.

Figure 1. Holotype NHMUK PV R 37591 pelvis and vertebrae of P. milnerae gen. et sp. nov. in (a) left lateral view and (b) right lateral view. atr, antitrochanter; bf, brevis fossa; bfr, brevis fossa rim; bs, brevis shelf; dv, dorsal vertebra; iss, ischial shaft; nc, neural canal; no, notch; obf, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; prap, preacetabular process; puf, pubic fenestra; pus, pubic shaft; ras, rib attachment scar; ri, rim; sac, supra-acetabular crest; sv, sacral vertebra.

Tachiraptor admirabilis gen et sp. nov. Holotype right tibia (IVIC-P-2867) in (a) lateral (proximal portion), (b) proximal, (c) lateral, (d) distal and (e) cranial (distal portion) views. Referred left ischium (IVIC-P-2868) in (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: ab, astragalar buttress; cc, cnemial crest; ai, cranial emargination; cn, caudal notch; fc, fibular condyle; fcr, fibular crest; ia, iliac articulation; in, intercondylar notch; it, incisura tibialis; keg, ‘knee extensor groove’; lg, longitudinal groove; lk, lateral kink; mc, medial condyle; om, outer malleolus; op, obturator plate; pp, pubic peduncle; pvr, ‘postero-ventral ridge’; rd, ridge; tn, tibial notch; vr, ventral ridge.

The holotype skeleton of Kamuysaurus japonicus gen. et sp. nov. (b) Reconstructed skeleton, showing recovered elements. Selected postcranial elements: cervical vertebrae (atlas, axis, and fourth and twelfth cervicals) in left lateral view (c), dorsal vertebrae (first, seventh, and sixteenth dorsals) in left lateral view (d), caudal vertebrae (anterior, middle, and posterior caudals) in left lateral view (e), left scapula (f) and coracoid (g) in lateral view, right sternum in ventral view (h), left humerus in anterior view (i), right ulna and radius in medial view (j), right manus in dorsal view (k), right pelvis in lateral view (l), right femur in anterior view (m), right tibia in anterior view (n), right fibula in lateral view (o), right astragalus and calcaneum, articulated positioned with tibia (p), and right pes in dorsal view (q). All scales are 10 cm except 1 m scale for (b). Abbreviations; ac, acromion process; ast, astragalus; cal, calcaneum; dpc, deltopectoral crest; fi, fibula; icg, intercondylar groove; il, ilium; is, ischium; ltr, lesser trochanter; mc2, metacarpal II; mc5, metacarpal V; mt2, metatarsal II; mt4, metatarsal IV; nc, neurocentrum; od, odontoid; olp, olecranon process; pc, pleurocentrum; pu, pubis; ra, radius; ti, tibia; ul, ulna; vp, ventral process.

Right femur of Meroktenos, MNHN.F.LES16c. (A) Anterior, (B) medial, (C) posterior, (D) lateral, (E) proximal, and (F) distal views. ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser trochanter; mc, medial condyle; pf, popliteal fossa; tfc, tibiofibular crest; 4t, fourth trochanter. (Photo credit: L Cazes.)

Chadititan calvoi nearly complete right femur of MPCN-Pv 1038 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (F) proximal, and (G) distal views; distal end of right femur of holotype MPCN-Pv 1034 in (C) anterior, (D) posterior, (E) distal, (H) lateral, and (I) medial views; proximal end of right femur of MPCN-Pv 1035, in (J) proximal, (K), posterior, (L) anterior, and (M) lateral views. Abbreviations: eg, extensor groove; tfc, tibiofibular crest condyle; fg, femoral groove; fh, femoral head; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, major trochanter. Scale bar = A-I, 20 cm; J-L, 10 cm.

Anzu is a fairly large caenagnathid oviraptorosaurian dinosaur that grew to nearly 4 m in length, and weighed 200-300 kg. It was a bipedal dinosaur and was covered in feathers, with a large sloping crest atop its head. Typical of oviraptorosaurs, Anzu had a short toothless beak, an adaptation that suggests it was most likely herbivorous or possibly omnivorous.

Lusotitan atalaiensis. Photographs of right humerus (proximal half) in (A) anterior (slightly oblique as a result of mounted position), (B) medial, (C) proximal, (D) lateral, and (E) posterior views. Abbreviations: dtp, deltopectoral crest; hh, humeral head. Scale bar = 200 mm.

Left humerus of Haestasaurus becklesii (NHMUK R1870). A, anterior view; B, posterior view; Abbreviations: af, anconeal fossa; dp, deltopectoral crest; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa. This fossil was found in strata of the Hastings Beds (late Berriasian—Valanginian in age) on the coast near Hastings, East Sussex, England.

T. regalis FSAC-OB 1, holotype left humerus. In (A), ventral view, (B) dorsal view, (C) anterior view, (D) distal view, and (E) proximal view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest; ect, ectepicondyle; ent, entepicondyle; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; pf, pneumatic fossa/foramen; scpr, supracondylar process; uc, ulnar crest; ut, ulnar tubercle.

Eopteranodon lii holotype (BPV 078). (A) Counterpart; (B) main part. (C and D) Respective schematic drawings. Abbreviations: cv, cervical vertebra; co, coracoid; d1–d4, digits 1–4; fe, femur; fi, fibula; h, humerus; j, jugal; mand, mandible; mc, metacarpal; pmc, premaxillary crest; pe, pelvis; ph, phalanx; ti, tibia; ul, ulna; rad, radius. Scale bars: C, 50 mm; D, 10 mm.

Lonchodraco giganteus comb. n. Lectotype NHMUK PV 39412 (Cenomanian / Turonian, Chalk Formation). A–F articulated anterior parts of the rostrum and mandible A right lateral view B respective line drawing C left lateral view D respective line drawing E anterior view F respective line drawing G associated scapulocoracoid in posterior view. Abbreviations: ch – choanae, cor – coracoid, d – dentary, dcr – dentary crest, m – maxillae, pl – palatine, pm – premaxillae, pmcr – premaxillaery crest, prid – palatal ridge, sca – scapula. Arrows indicate alveoli or teeth. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.

Cimoliopterus cuvieri. Holotype NHMUK PV 39409 (Cenomanian / Turonian, Chalk Formation), anterior part of the rostrum A right lateral view B respective line drawing C ventral view D respective line drawing. Abbreviations: m – maxillae, pm – premaxillae, pmcr – premaxillary crest, prid – palatal ridge. Arrows and numbers indicate alveoli or teeth and their respective position. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.