China

Changmiania liaoningensis, an ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Lujiatun (Liaoning Province, China). (A) Holotype PMOL AD00114 in dorsal view; (B) anterior part of the holotype PMOL AD00114 in caudolateral view; (C) referred specimen PMOL LFV022 in dorsal view. Red arrows indicate the emplacement of the gastrolith clusters.

Life restoration of the Triassic ichthyosaur Callawayia neoscapularis. Three specimens of this ichthyosaur are known, the holotype, ROM 41993, and two referred specimens, TMP 94.380.11 and 94.382.2. The skull is primarily based on ROM 41993, cross-checked against TMP 94.380.11 and TMP 94.382.2. The vertebral column is based primarily on TMP 94.382.2 as it is the most complete of these specimens, while the ribs were based on ROM 41993. The forelimbs were mainly based on those of ROM 41993, with TMP 94.380.11 used to determine their breadth. The hindlimbs were based on TMP 94.380.11, especially the more complete right hindlimb. ROM 41993 was cross-scaled with TMP 94.380.11 by the dimensions of the forelimb epipodials, which produced similar vertebral dimensions. The two TMP specimens were cross-scaled based on femoral length, also producing similar vertebral dimensions. Nicholls & Manabe (2001) stated that no wedge-shaped caudal centra supporting a tailbend were found and that there was no evidence of a bend being present, though considered that they might have existed in the gap in the preserved caudals. Since various other Triassic ichthyosaurs have since been found to have tail bends, one was illustrated here. A modest downturn of roughly 15° was illustrated, comparable to that in Guanlingsaurus, and the location of the bend within the gap in the preserved vertebrae matches well with the location of the bend in Guizhouichthyosaurus. References McGowan, C. (1994). "A new species of Shastasaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Triassic of British Columbia: The most complete exemplar of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 (2): 168–179. DOI:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011550. Nicholls, E. L.; Manabe, M. (2001). "A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: Bridging the Triassic-Jurassic gap". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38 (6): 983–1002. Ji, C.; Jiang, D.Y.; Hao, W.; Sun, Y. (2011). "True tailbend occurred in the Late Triassic: Evidence from ichthyosaur skeletons of South China". Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 47 (2): 309–314. Shang, Q. H.; Li, C. (2009). "On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47 (3): 178–193.

Prismatoolithus tiantaiensis eggs (IVPP V16515) on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Prismatoolithus tiantaiensis eggs (IVPP V16515) on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Prismatoolithus tiantaiensis eggs (IVPP V16515) on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Elangatoolithidae fossil dinosaur eggs, from China. Exhibit in the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Photography was permitted in this area of the museum without restrictions.

Earth during the Middle Ordivician Period @ 460 Ma. Gondwana is seen above the equator (Australia & South China) and bellow the equator (North China, Kazakh terranes, Tarim, Antartica, India, Madagascar, Africa and South America). Laurentia, Baltica & Sibera are seperate continents, with Avalonia on its way to collide Baltica to form the Calledonian Orogeny, and Acadia on its way to collide Laurentia to form the Acadian Orogeny. Legend: Dark blue = ocean Light blue = shallow seas Tan = landmass Black outlines = modern day coastlines showing their respective positions

West of Chilton Chine The coastline west of the chine is accessible at lowish tides. The various rock strata in the Wealden Beds can be seen, with the chalk of Highdown Cliffs SZ3285 beyond.

Fossil of Mei long (holotype), on temporary display at the Shanghai Natural History Museum as part of the exhibition "China's Dinosaur World". Shot on July 22, 2025.

Fossil specimen (IVPP V17903) of Corpulentapus lilasia on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Holotype of Ikrandraco avatar on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Holotype specimen (GMV2128) of Dendrorhynchoides curvidentatus on display at the Geological Museum of China.

Holotype skeleton of Jianchangnathus robustus on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Holotype skeleton (AGB 6257) of Cartorhynchus lenticarpus on display at the Geological Museum of China.

Reconstruction of skeleton; Lower Cretaceous (120 mio. Years); Jungar Basin, China.

Reconstruction of skeleton; Lower Cretaceous (120 mio. Years); Jungar Basin, China.