fossile

Nature du spécimen

371 image(s) · 183 Actualités

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Identifier: catalogueoffossi02bri (find matches)
Title: Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ..
Year: 1888 (1880s)
Authors:  British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology Lydekker, Richard, 1849-1915
Subjects:  Reptiles, Fossil Amphibians, Fossil
Publisher:  London, Printed by order of the Trustees
Contributing Library:  Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor:  Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Before Image:
pterygian; from theKimeridge Clay of Ely. \. a, proximal, b, distal epiphysis ; c, shaft. 46792. Two still smaller specimens; from the Kimeridge Clay ofDevizes, Wiltshire. Cunnington Collection. R. 400. Two phalangeals; from the Oxford Clay of Weymouth,Dorsetshire. Presented by C. Westendarp, Esq., 1884. 150 SAUEOPTERIGIA. R. 1381. One longitudinal half of the humerus or femur of a me- (Ficj.) dium-sized form, with the inner surface cut and polished; from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely. This specimen is figured in the woodcut on the preceding page, and shows the two epiphyses almost meeting in the middle of the shaft. No history. R. 1381 a. The proximal half of a larger humerus or femur, longitu-dinally bisected; from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely. Thecontour of the proximal epiphysis is well displayed. No history. 46912. The proximal portion of a still larger humerus or femur,longitudinally bisected; from Shotover. The whole ofthe proximal epiphysis is displayed, of which the terminal Kg. 47.
Text Appearing After Image:
Sauropterygian mandibles.—A. Peloneustesphilarchus; from the Oxford Clay.\. B. Thaitmatosaurus indicus; from the Upper Jurassic of India. ).0. Pksiosaimcs dolichodirus; from the Lower Lias. f. (From the Kec.Geol. Surv. Ind.) PLESI0SAURID2E. 151 extremity appears to have been separated by a small va-cuity from that of the distal epiphysis. No history. 42097. One lateral half of a humerus or femur, with the inner sur- face cut; from the Neocomian bone-bed of Potton, Bed-fordshire. The extremity of one epiphysis is entire anddetached from the shaft, while a section is shown of thatat the opposite end. Purchased, 1870. 42098. A small imperfect femur, with the proximal epiphysis de- tached and lying loose in the cup of the shaft; fromPotton. Purchased, 1870. Genus PELONEUSTES, Lydekker \ Skull and teeth of the general type of Pliosaurus, but the mandible(fig. 47, A) with a longer symphysis, which includes more than adozen teeth. Neck short, with the anterior vertebras relativelyshort. Ve

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Identifier: catalogueoffossi02bri (find matches) Title: Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker .. Year: 1888 (1880s) Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology Lydekker, Richard, 1849-1915 Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Amphibians, Fossil Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: pterygian; from theKimeridge Clay of Ely. \. a, proximal, b, distal epiphysis ; c, shaft. 46792. Two still smaller specimens; from the Kimeridge Clay ofDevizes, Wiltshire. Cunnington Collection. R. 400. Two phalangeals; from the Oxford Clay of Weymouth,Dorsetshire. Presented by C. Westendarp, Esq., 1884. 150 SAUEOPTERIGIA. R. 1381. One longitudinal half of the humerus or femur of a me- (Ficj.) dium-sized form, with the inner surface cut and polished; from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely. This specimen is figured in the woodcut on the preceding page, and shows the two epiphyses almost meeting in the middle of the shaft. No history. R. 1381 a. The proximal half of a larger humerus or femur, longitu-dinally bisected; from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely. Thecontour of the proximal epiphysis is well displayed. No history. 46912. The proximal portion of a still larger humerus or femur,longitudinally bisected; from Shotover. The whole ofthe proximal epiphysis is displayed, of which the terminal Kg. 47. Text Appearing After Image: Sauropterygian mandibles.—A. Peloneustesphilarchus; from the Oxford Clay.\. B. Thaitmatosaurus indicus; from the Upper Jurassic of India. ).0. Pksiosaimcs dolichodirus; from the Lower Lias. f. (From the Kec.Geol. Surv. Ind.) PLESI0SAURID2E. 151 extremity appears to have been separated by a small va-cuity from that of the distal epiphysis. No history. 42097. One lateral half of a humerus or femur, with the inner sur- face cut; from the Neocomian bone-bed of Potton, Bed-fordshire. The extremity of one epiphysis is entire anddetached from the shaft, while a section is shown of thatat the opposite end. Purchased, 1870. 42098. A small imperfect femur, with the proximal epiphysis de- tached and lying loose in the cup of the shaft; fromPotton. Purchased, 1870. Genus PELONEUSTES, Lydekker \ Skull and teeth of the general type of Pliosaurus, but the mandible(fig. 47, A) with a longer symphysis, which includes more than adozen teeth. Neck short, with the anterior vertebras relativelyshort. Ve Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

musée Oxford Clay fossile spécimen +2
Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ..
Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches)
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924
Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil
Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Before Image: 
78 MAEINE EEPTILES OF THE OXEOED CLAT. Test-fig. 30.
Text Appearing After Image: 
aa. Coracoids of Peloneustes evansi: A, from front; B, from above. (E. 3897, 1 nat. size.)  glenoid facet; p.e.a., postero-esternal angle; sc.f., facet for scapula; sym., symphysial surface.

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Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London .. Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches) Year: 1910 (1910s) Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924 Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: 78 MAEINE EEPTILES OF THE OXEOED CLAT. Test-fig. 30. Text Appearing After Image: aa. Coracoids of Peloneustes evansi: A, from front; B, from above. (E. 3897, 1 nat. size.) glenoid facet; p.e.a., postero-esternal angle; sc.f., facet for scapula; sym., symphysial surface. Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

musée Oxford Clay fossile Peloneustes +1
Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ..
Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches)
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924
Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil
Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Before Image: 
CATAL,MARINE REPT. OXFORD CLAY. PART II. PLATE IV. col. — v.orb.
Text Appearing After Image: 
pas par. G.M.Woodward Aei.et litli. West.Newznsr. imp. PEEONEUSTES philarghus.

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Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London .. Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches) Year: 1910 (1910s) Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924 Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: CATAL,MARINE REPT. OXFORD CLAY. PART II. PLATE IV. col. — v.orb. Text Appearing After Image: pas par. G.M.Woodward Aei.et litli. West.Newznsr. imp. PEEONEUSTES philarghus. Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

musée Oxford Clay fossile Peloneustes +1
Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ..
Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches)
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924
Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil
Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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About This Book: Catalog Entry
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Text Appearing Before Image: 
CATAL.MARINE REPT. OXFORD CLAY. PART II. FLATE II.
Text Appearing After Image: 
G.M.Woodwa/p& del.etlitfL PLIOSAURUS PEROX. West, Newman imp.

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Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London .. Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches) Year: 1910 (1910s) Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924 Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: CATAL.MARINE REPT. OXFORD CLAY. PART II. FLATE II. Text Appearing After Image: G.M.Woodwa/p& del.etlitfL PLIOSAURUS PEROX. West, Newman imp. Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

musée Oxford Clay fossile Liopleurodon +2
Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ..
Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches)
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924
Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil
Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Before Image: 
CATAL.MARINE KEPT. OXFORD CLAY. PART II. PLATE I. pmcc.
Text Appearing After Image: 
>p77ia:. G.M.Woodward del. etlibh. West, Newman imp. PLIOSAURUS FEROX.

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Taxons Liopleurodon

Title: A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London .. Identifier: descriptivecatal02brit (find matches) Year: 1910 (1910s) Authors: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Geology; Andrews, Charles William, 1866-1924 Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Publisher: London, Printed by order of the Trustees Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: CATAL.MARINE KEPT. OXFORD CLAY. PART II. PLATE I. pmcc. Text Appearing After Image: >p77ia:. G.M.Woodward del. etlibh. West, Newman imp. PLIOSAURUS FEROX. Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

musée Oxford Clay fossile Liopleurodon +2
Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

fossile Hainosaurus
Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

fossile Hainosaurus
Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

fossile Hainosaurus
Fossil of Hainosaurus, an extinct reptile  --  Took the photo at Natural History Museum of Bruxelles

Fossil of Hainosaurus, an extinct reptile -- Took the photo at Natural History Museum of Bruxelles

musée fossile Hainosaurus
Fossil of Anhanguera, an extinct reptile-- Took the photo at Natural History Museum, London

Fossil of Anhanguera, an extinct reptile-- Took the photo at Natural History Museum, London

musée fossile Anhanguera
Title: A dictionary of the fossils of Pennsylvania and neighboring states named in the reports and catalogues of the survey ..
Identifier: CUbiodiversity600397-9082 (find matches)
Year: 1889 (1880s)
Authors: Lesley, J. P. (J. Peter), 1819-1903; Pennsylvania. Board of Commissioners for the Second Geological Survey
Subjects: Paleontology
Publisher: Harrisburg, Board of Commissioners for the Geological Survey
Contributing Library: Cornell University Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Mann Library, Cornell

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Text Appearing Before Image: 
697 Plec. Plectropterna angusta, Hitchcock, Icht. Mass. page 110, lias. f-) itch cock ^ Idithuolo^ij McLSS.
Text Appearing After Image: 
I'lfrtroplerria,

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Taxons Plectropterna

Title: A dictionary of the fossils of Pennsylvania and neighboring states named in the reports and catalogues of the survey .. Identifier: CUbiodiversity600397-9082 (find matches) Year: 1889 (1880s) Authors: Lesley, J. P. (J. Peter), 1819-1903; Pennsylvania. Board of Commissioners for the Second Geological Survey Subjects: Paleontology Publisher: Harrisburg, Board of Commissioners for the Geological Survey Contributing Library: Cornell University Library Digitizing Sponsor: Mann Library, Cornell View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: 697 Plec. Plectropterna angusta, Hitchcock, Icht. Mass. page 110, lias. f-) itch cock ^ Idithuolo^ij McLSS. Text Appearing After Image: I'lfrtroplerria, Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

fossile Plectropterna
Crâne de mosasaure d'espèce Platecarpus tympaniticus (squamates, mosasaures).
Provenance : Smoky Hill Chalk, Kansas (aux Etats-Unis).
Date : Crétacé supérieur, période du Campanien, 88 millions d'années avant notre ère.
Collections du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris (France).
Exposé à l'occasion de l'exposition "Un T-Rex à Paris" au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris (France) du 6 juin au 2 septembre 2018.

Légende du fossile dans cette exposition : "Les mosasaures ne sont pas des dinosaures mais des reptiles marins, très répandus à la fin du Crétacé. Certains genres comme Globidens et Halisaurus sont connus aussi bien aux Etats-Unis qu'au Maroc. Ces animaux étaient d'excellents nageurs, capables de traverser l'Atlantique."

Crâne de mosasaure d'espèce Platecarpus tympaniticus (squamates, mosasaures). Provenance : Smoky Hill Chalk, Kansas (aux Etats-Unis). Date : Crétacé supérieur, période du Campanien, 88 millions d'années avant notre ère. Collections du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris (France). Exposé à l'occasion de l'exposition "Un T-Rex à Paris" au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris (France) du 6 juin au 2 septembre 2018. Légende du fossile dans cette exposition : "Les mosasaures ne sont pas des dinosaures mais des reptiles marins, très répandus à la fin du Crétacé. Certains genres comme Globidens et Halisaurus sont connus aussi bien aux Etats-Unis qu'au Maroc. Ces animaux étaient d'excellents nageurs, capables de traverser l'Atlantique."

France Maroc Campanien Crétacé +8
Fragmentary fossils of various tylosaurines MCM.M0009 (A ; Taniwhasaurus 'mikasaensis'), SAM-PK-5265 (B ; Taniwhasaurus 'capensis') and MNHN 1896-15 (C ; Tylosaurus gaudryi).

Fragmentary fossils of various tylosaurines MCM.M0009 (A ; Taniwhasaurus 'mikasaensis'), SAM-PK-5265 (B ; Taniwhasaurus 'capensis') and MNHN 1896-15 (C ; Tylosaurus gaudryi).

fossile Hainosaurus Taniwhasaurus Tylosaurus
Life restoration of the mosasaurine mosasaurid Eremiasaurus, with unknown portions and soft tissues based primarily on Prognathodon and supplemented with Mosasaurus where needed.
References
Leblanc, A.R.H.; Caldwell, M.W.; Bardet, N. (2012). "A new mosasaurine from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco and its implications for mosasaurine systematics". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (1): 82–104.
Lindgren, J.; Kaddumi, H.; Polcyn, M. (2013). "Soft tissue preservation in a fossil marine lizard with a bilobed tail fin". Nature Communications 4: 2423. DOI:10.1038/ncomms3423.
Konishi, T.; Brinkman, D.; Massare, J.A.; Caldwell, M.W. (2011). "New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 1026–1046.
Russell, D.A. (1967). "Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1–241.
Taxons Eremiasaurus

Life restoration of the mosasaurine mosasaurid Eremiasaurus, with unknown portions and soft tissues based primarily on Prognathodon and supplemented with Mosasaurus where needed. References Leblanc, A.R.H.; Caldwell, M.W.; Bardet, N. (2012). "A new mosasaurine from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco and its implications for mosasaurine systematics". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (1): 82–104. Lindgren, J.; Kaddumi, H.; Polcyn, M. (2013). "Soft tissue preservation in a fossil marine lizard with a bilobed tail fin". Nature Communications 4: 2423. DOI:10.1038/ncomms3423. Konishi, T.; Brinkman, D.; Massare, J.A.; Caldwell, M.W. (2011). "New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 1026–1046. Russell, D.A. (1967). "Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1–241.

tissus écologie musée Canada +11
Fossil of Carinodens, an extinct mosasaur- Took the photo at Natural History Museum of Maastricht

Fossil of Carinodens, an extinct mosasaur- Took the photo at Natural History Museum of Maastricht

musée fossile Carinodens
Restoration of Ambopteryx longibrachium based on known fossil elements

Restoration of Ambopteryx longibrachium based on known fossil elements

fossile Alnashetri Ambopteryx
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Actualités

Cet ancien fossile pourrait réécrire l'histoire des origines humaines
fossile découverte origine humaine étude
Les scientifiques ont peut-être résolu la question de savoir si un fossile vieux de sept millions d’années pouvait marcher debout. Une nouvelle étude a trouvé des preuves anatomiques solides que Sahelanthropus tchadensis était bipède, y compris une attache ligamentaire observée uniquement chez les ancêtres humains. Malgré son apparence simiesque et son petit cerveau, la structure de ses pattes et de ses hanches suggère qu'il se déplaçait avec assurance sur deux pattes. Cette découverte place la bipédie à la racine même de l’arbre généalogique humain.
03/01/2026 sciencedaily-human-evo ⚙ Traduction automatique
Des os fossilisés révèlent les secrets d'un monde perdu
os fossile
Les chercheurs ont découvert des milliers de molécules métaboliques préservées à l’intérieur d’os fossilisés vieux de plusieurs millions d’années, offrant ainsi une nouvelle fenêtre surprenante sur la vie préhistorique. Les résultats révèlent le régime alimentaire des animaux, leurs maladies et même le climat qui les entoure, y compris des preuves d’environnements plus chauds et plus humides. Un fossile présentait même des signes d'un parasite encore connu aujourd'hui. Cette approche pourrait transformer la façon dont les scientifiques reconstruisent les écosystèmes anciens.
03/01/2026 sciencedaily ⚙ Traduction automatique
Cet étrange serpent ancien se cachait dans un musée depuis des décennies
os musée fossile découverte
Un étrange petit fossile de serpent trouvé sur la côte sud de l’Angleterre a enfin révélé ses secrets, plus de 40 ans après sa découverte. Le nouveau Paradoxophidion richardoweni vivait il y a environ 37 millions d’années, à une époque où la Grande-Bretagne était plus chaude et regorgeait de reptiles. Bien que connu uniquement à partir de minuscules os de la colonne vertébrale, ce « serpent paradoxal » présente un mélange surprenant de traits observés chez les serpents modernes, le plaçant près des racines mêmes du groupe de serpents le plus diversifié d’aujourd’hui.
31/12/2025 sciencedaily ⚙ Traduction automatique
La pire extinction de la Terre a été suivie par un retour incroyablement rapide des océans
prédateur fossile découverte extinction
Un spectaculaire trésor de fossiles sur l’île arctique du Spitzberg montre que la vie marine a fait un retour étonnant après la plus grande extinction de la Terre. Des dizaines de milliers de fossiles révèlent des reptiles entièrement aquatiques et des chaînes alimentaires complexes qui prospèrent à peine trois millions d'années plus tard. Certains prédateurs mesuraient plus de cinq mètres de long, remettant en question l’idée d’une récupération lente et progressive. La découverte réécrit les débuts de l’histoire des écosystèmes océaniques.
30/12/2025 sciencedaily ⚙ Traduction automatique
Des os de dinosaures découverts presque les uns sur les autres en Transylvanie
os bassin Roumanie fossile Dinosauria Titanosauria squelette
Des scientifiques explorant le bassin de Hațeg en Roumanie ont découvert l’un des sites de fossiles de dinosaures les plus denses jamais découverts, avec des os presque les uns sur les autres. Le site K2 préserve des milliers de vestiges d’un lac préhistorique alimenté en crue qui agissait comme un piège osseux naturel il y a 72 millions d’années. Aux côtés de dinosaures locaux communs, les chercheurs ont découvert les premiers squelettes de titanosaures bien conservés jamais découverts dans la région. Le site révèle comment les anciens écosystèmes européens de dinosaures se sont formés et ont évolué au cours de cette période.
23/12/2025 sciencedaily ⚙ Traduction automatique
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