Dinosauria

Reconstruction of Bissektipelta archibaldi an ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan

Huaxiazhoulong is a fairly large ankylosaurid dinosaur, at around 6 m in length. It was a robust quadruped with a beak and teeth adapted for processing its herbivorous diet. Huaxiazhoulong had an armor of osteoderms, and the characteristic ankylosaurid tail club which was likely used in defense against predators, as well as intraspecific combat.

Calvarius is a genus of styracosternan ornithopod from the Late Cretaceous of Spain. The name alludes to its chronostratigraphic proximity to the extinction event that wiped out the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous. The highly modified metatarsal that is known from shows an example of convergent evolution, as it is more similar to non-iguanodontian ornithopods than to other styracosternans. It is thought that this is due to fulfilling a niche in its island habitat, resulting in Calvarius becoming a small-bodied animal, capable of rapid locomotion.

Micropachycephalosaurus is a small, bipedal herbivore with unclear placement on the dinosaur family tree. Despite its name, it may have been a basal ceratopsian rather than a pachycephalosaur. Befitting of its name however, Micropachycephalosaurus was very small, reaching only about 1 m in total body length.

Astigmasaura is a medium-sized rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of what is now Argentina. Rebbachisaurids had highly pneumatized bones that helped them to hold their weight on their four pillar-like legs, and extremely long tails. Astigmasaura was likely a ground-level browsing herbivore.

Rebbachisaurids are the latest known sauropod dinosaurs outside the titanosaur lineage. Cienciargentina is a rebbachisaurid from the Late Cretaceous, making it among the most recent. It had many hollow bones, and likely had batteries of teeth used for chewing, a rebbachisaurid feature unique among sauropods.

Original caption: "Calibrated phylogeny of Neosauropoda. Summarized strict consensus tree showing the relationships among neosauropod dinosaurs and the phylogenetic position of Tapuiasaurus macedoi gen. n. sp. n. The support values (Bremer/Bootstrap) for the nodes labelled in the figure are: Neosauropoda (1/-), Somphospondyli (2/68), Titanosauria (2/58), Lithostrotia (3/68), “advanced titanosaurians” (3/65), Nemegtosauridae (1/-), Saltasauridae (1/-). See Figure S4 for a complete strict consensus tree including all sauropod terminal taxa used in the analysis. Age of first appearance for taxa used in the calibrated phylogeny are given in Text S4."

Mesetasaurus is a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Uruguay. Like all sauropods, it stood on four pillar-like legs, using its long neck to reach the vegetation it fed on, counterbalanced by its long tail. Relatively small for a titanosaur, Mesetasaurus grew to approximately 10 m in length.

Dzharacursor is an ornithomimid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of what is now Uzbekistan. Ornithomimids like Dzharacursor are known for their long legs lending to a cursorial, or running, lifestyle. They had a feathered covering, and were likely omnivorous, or possibly herbivorous. Adult Dzharacursor could grow to approximately 3.5 m in length.

Ahvaytum is a saturnaliid sauropodomorph from the Late Triassic of what is now Wyoming. It is the oldest known dinosaur from the northern continent of Laurasia, challenging previous hypotheses of dinosaur origins and dispersal. Typical of basal dinosaurs from the Triassic, Ahvaytum was a small slender biped, reaching about 1 m in body length.

Huashanosaurus is a basal sauropod dinosaur that lived from the Early to Middle Jurassic periods of what is now China. It was a long-necked herbivore which still exhibited many basal traits of the earlier sauropodomorphs, while transitioning to obligate quardupedality. Huashanosaurus grew to approximately 12 m in length, and weighed around 10 t.

Fujianvenator is an anchiornithid avialan from the Late Jurassic of China, whose discovery gave important insight to the evolution of birds. It had proportionately long legs, with the tibia twice the length of the femur. This suggests it may have been a strong runner, and possibly had a terrestrial or wading lifestyle. Fujianvenator was a small dinosaur, weighing about 640 g. As an avialan, it was almost certainly covered in feathers, though it does not seem likely to have been capable of flight.

Type specimen of Nipponopelta yezoensis (MCM A522), took in the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum.

Identifier: annalsofmedicalh01pack (find matches) Title: Annals of medical history Year: 1917 (1910s) Authors: Packard, Francis R. (Francis Randolph), 1870-1950 Subjects: Medicine Publisher: New York P.B. Hoeber Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: ail strongly Hexed, and the toescontracted and appressed. The whole atti-tude strongly suggests a spastic distress,possibly brought on by some form ofpoisoning of the central nervous system,from infection or the deglutition of somepoisonous substance. 14. Osteomalacia is evidently the causeof the hypertrophy of the bones of Lim-nocyron potens, an early carnivore from theWashakie Eocene of Wyoming, nearly3,000,000 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material described in the presentpaper has been loaned the writer lor de-scription by the Field Museum of Chii Osborn: Hull. Amcr. \lus. Natl. Hist., 1917,vol. 35. !>• 733. P>- 28. Studies in Paleopathology 393 by the American Museum of Natural His-tory of New York City, by Walker Museumof the University of Chicago, and by the Uni-versity of Kansas Natural History Museum. made by the well-known petrographic meth-ods so common in all geological labora-tories. The diagnoses, where they are at-tempted, arc made from comparisons of the Text Appearing After Image: Fig. 20. The skeleton of Strutbiomimus altus, a small dinosaur from the BeliyRiver series (Cretaceous), Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada, now regarded as ofapproximately the same age as the Judith River series. The unique feature ofthe skull is the total absence of teeth, with a size of skull one-third larger thanthe ostrich and a length of body of about fifteen feet. The position of the skeletonis decidedly that of the opisthotonos which may be regarded as an indication ofdisease. (After Osborn). A beautiful specimen of an osteoma, theonly one known so far, on the vertebra of aKansas Cretaceous mosasaur, was given thewriter by Dr. J. M. Armstrong of St. Paul.The writer expresses his obligations to thegentlemen connected with the above-men-tioned institutions and to Dr. Armstrong.The methods used are a combination ofprocedures in the various lines involved.Microscopic sections, which can be madethin enough for immersion lens study, are material with similar lesions in recent hu-man mat Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

Dinosaur Park Formation in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta

The distictive banding of the Morrison Formation, a group of rock layers that occur throughout Dinosaur National Monument. The formation originated as muds and sands laid down by ancient rivers, and some of its outcrops have been found to contain 150-million-year-old dinosaur fossils like those found at the monument's Dinosaur Quarry.