squelette

Entire skeleton of Jidapterus edentus (RCPS-030366CY) preserved in a slab mostly in right lateral view. Abbreviations: aa, the atlas-axis complex; bo, basioccipital; br, braincase; cve, cervical vertebrae; cv3, the third cervical vertebra; cv8, the eighth cervical vertebra; ds, dentaries; dv, dorsal vertebra; dve, dorsal vertebrae; ep, epiphysis; j, jugal; lc, left carpus; lf, left femur; li, left ilium; lis, left ischium; lm, left manual digits; lp, left pubis; lpe, left pes; lpt, left pteroid; lr, left radius; lsc, left scapula-coracoid; lt, left tibia; lta, left tarsus; lu, left ulna; lwmc, left wing metacarpal; lwp1–4; left wing phalanges 1–4; p, pterygoid; pp, postacetabular process of the right ilium; q, quadrate; rc, right carpus; rh, right humerus; rf, right femur; rfi, right fibula; ribs, ribs; ris, right ischium; rm, right manual digits; rmcI, right metacarpal I; rp, right pubis; rpe, right pes; rpt, right pteroid; rr, right radius; rsc, right scapula-coracoid; rt, right tibia; ru, right ulna; rwmc, right wing metacarpal; rwp1–4, right wing phalanges 1–4; rostrum, rostrum; st, sternum; sv, sacral vertebra; sve, sacral vertebrae. Gray shaded areas bound by solid lines indicate preserved bones, dashed lines indicate bones with margins discerned by impression, and lack of lines indicate missing bone or displacement along cracks in the slab.

Entire skeleton of Jidapterus edentus (RCPS-030366CY) preserved in a slab mostly in right lateral view. Abbreviations: aa, the atlas-axis complex; bo, basioccipital; br, braincase; cve, cervical vertebrae; cv3, the third cervical vertebra; cv8, the eighth cervical vertebra; ds, dentaries; dv, dorsal vertebra; dve, dorsal vertebrae; ep, epiphysis; j, jugal; lc, left carpus; lf, left femur; li, left ilium; lis, left ischium; lm, left manual digits; lp, left pubis; lpe, left pes; lpt, left pteroid; lr, left radius; lsc, left scapula-coracoid; lt, left tibia; lta, left tarsus; lu, left ulna; lwmc, left wing metacarpal; lwp1–4; left wing phalanges 1–4; p, pterygoid; pp, postacetabular process of the right ilium; q, quadrate; rc, right carpus; rh, right humerus; rf, right femur; rfi, right fibula; ribs, ribs; ris, right ischium; rm, right manual digits; rmcI, right metacarpal I; rp, right pubis; rpe, right pes; rpt, right pteroid; rr, right radius; rsc, right scapula-coracoid; rt, right tibia; ru, right ulna; rwmc, right wing metacarpal; rwp1–4, right wing phalanges 1–4; rostrum, rostrum; st, sternum; sv, sacral vertebra; sve, sacral vertebrae. Gray shaded areas bound by solid lines indicate preserved bones, dashed lines indicate bones with margins discerned by impression, and lack of lines indicate missing bone or displacement along cracks in the slab.

Entire skeleton of Jidapterus edentus (RCPS-030366CY) preserved in a slab mostly in right lateral view. Abbreviations: aa, the atlas-axis complex; bo, basioccipital; br, braincase; cve, cervical vertebrae; cv3, the third cervical vertebra; cv8, the eighth cervical vertebra; ds, dentaries; dv, dorsal vertebra; dve, dorsal vertebrae; ep, epiphysis; j, jugal; lc, left carpus; lf, left femur; li, left ilium; lis, left ischium; lm, left manual digits; lp, left pubis; lpe, left pes; lpt, left pteroid; lr, left radius; lsc, left scapula-coracoid; lt, left tibia; lta, left tarsus; lu, left ulna; lwmc, left wing metacarpal; lwp1–4; left wing phalanges 1–4; p, pterygoid; pp, postacetabular process of the right ilium; q, quadrate; rc, right carpus; rh, right humerus; rf, right femur; rfi, right fibula; ribs, ribs; ris, right ischium; rm, right manual digits; rmcI, right metacarpal I; rp, right pubis; rpe, right pes; rpt, right pteroid; rr, right radius; rsc, right scapula-coracoid; rt, right tibia; ru, right ulna; rwmc, right wing metacarpal; rwp1–4, right wing phalanges 1–4; rostrum, rostrum; st, sternum; sv, sacral vertebra; sve, sacral vertebrae. Gray shaded areas bound by solid lines indicate preserved bones, dashed lines indicate bones with margins discerned by impression, and lack of lines indicate missing bone or displacement along cracks in the slab.

Reconstructed Thalassodromeus sethi skeleton (the postcranium is hypothetical) with Anhanguera behind, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo.

Nemicolopterus crypticus holotype (IVPP V-14377). (A) Skeleton overview, and (B) schematic drawing. (C) Skull (right lateral view), and (D) schematic drawing. Abbreviations: cdv, caudal vertebrae; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebra; d1–d4, digits 1–4; f, frontal; fe, femur; h, humerus; hy, hyoid; il, illium; is, ischium; j, jugal; l, left; la, lacrimal; mand, mandible; mc, metacarpal; mt, metatarsal; naof, nasoantorbital fenestra; or, orbit; pa, parietal; pm, premaxilla; ph, phalanx; ti, tibia; r, right; sca, scapula. Scale bars: A–B, 100 mm; C–D, 5 mm.

Selected elements used in the diagnosis of Saltriovenator zanellai n. gen. n. sp. Right humerus in medial (A), frontal (B) and distal (C) views; (D) left scapula, medial view; (E) right scapular glenoid and coracoid, lateral view; (F) furcula, ventral view; tooth, labial (G) and apical (H) views; (I) left humerus, medial view; right second metacarpal in dorsal (J), lateral (L) and distal (N) views; first phalanx of the right second digit in dorsal (K), lateral (M) and proximal (O) views; (P–T) right third digit in proximal, dorsal and lateral views; (U) right distal tarsal IV, proximal view; third right metatarsal in proximal (V) and frontal (X) views; second right metatarsal, proximal (W) and frontal (Y) views; (Z) reconstructed skeleton showing identified elements (red). Abbreviations as in text, asterisks mark autapomorphic traits. Scale bars: 10 cm in (A)–(E), (I), and (U)–(Y); two cm in (F), and (J)–(T); one cm in (G).

Eustreptospondylus skeleton

Holotype specimen of Linheraptor exquisitus, the blocks including nearly the entire skeleton.

Hypnovenator matsubaraetoheorum gen. et sp. nov. Blocks including the forelimb, knee (A), and heel (B). (C) Reconstructed skeleton. Red and yellow colors show the confirmed and probable positions of the recovered elements, respectively (Courtesy of Genya Masukawa). (D) Left manus in medial view. (E) Left manual phalanx I-1 in dorsal view. (F) Removed fragmentary left manual phalanx II-3 (manual ungual phalanx II) for preparing the left manus. (G) Cross-section of the bent right ankle. (H) Left metatarsus in posterior view. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; dp, depression; fe, femur; fi, fibula; hu, humerus; mc I, metacarpal I; mc II, metacarpal II; mc III, metacarpal III; mp I-1, manual phalanx I-1; mp I-2, manual phalanx I-2 (manual ungual phalanx I); mp II-1, manual phalanx II-1; mp II-3, manual phalanx II-3 (manual ungual phalanx II); mp III-3, manual phalanx III-3; mp III-4, manual phalanx III-4 (manual ungual phalanx III); mr, medial ridge; mt II, metatarsal II; mt III, metatarsal III; mt IV, metatarsal IV; mt V, metatarsal V; ra, radius; ti, tibia; ul, ulna. Almost all elements are from the left side. Abbreviations for elements from the right side added ‘(r)’ at the end. This figure was created using Adobe Photoshop 25.5.1 and Adobe Illustrator 28.3 (https://www.adobe.com/).

(a) Photograph. (b) Highly schematic outline shows general layout of the skeleton (illustrated by Zhaochuang). Scale bar, 5 cm. d, dentary; f, femur; fi, fibula; fr, frontal; lj, lower jaw; or, orbit; ti, tibia.

The whole skeleton of the holotype Tongtianlong limosus gen. et sp. nov. in dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b). Scale bar = 10 cm.

A photograph of the skeleton of Jianchangosaurus yixianensis gen. et sp. nov. (41HIII-0308A) (A) and line drawing (B). Abbreviations: at, atlas; ax, axis; cav, caudal vertebra; cv, cervical vertebra; co, coracoid; dc, distal carpal; dv, dorsal vertebra; l., left; f, femur; fi, fibula; fur, furcula; hu, humerus; il, ilium; is, ischium; pu, pubis; ra, radius; sc, scapula; ti, tibia; ul, ulna; mc, metacarpal; mt, metatarsal; mxf, maxillary fenestra; pat, proatlas; r., right; sr, sacral rib; sv, sacral vertebra; ung, ungual. All elements of the skeleton are preserved except the distal half of the caudal vertebrae. Dashed lines of metatarsals indicate areas that have been reconstructed. The middle portion of the neck, from the fourth to ninth cervical vertebrae, and the pedal phalanges have been repositioned. The rest of elements of this specimen are in the original position.

Squelette partiel de Wulatesaurus.

Alvarezsaurus skeleton restoration, Copenhagen.

Skeleton outline of Dracoraptor hanigani. Bones highlighted green for present, orange for external moulds and blue for tentatively identified bones. Many unidentified or uncertain elements have been omitted.

Reconstruction of the terrestrial paleoenvironmental setting of the Sao Khua Formation by Renata Cunha. In the center, a generalized spinosaurid feeds on a sauropod. This trophic relationship is hypothesized based on isolated tooth crowns found in association with a sauropod skeleton [67]. In the background, a small pack of the ornithomimosaur theropod Kinnareemimus. Both sauropods and ornithomimosaurs (as part of the “herbivorous” theropods) were found to be positively associated with terrestrial paleoenvironments by Butler and Barrett [15]. (cropped from File:Spinosaurid and Kinnareemimus.PNG)